Table 2.
Cancer-attributable Mortality Among People Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus from 10 States, 2001–2015, by Cancer Site
| Cancer Site | Number of Cancers | Proportion of Deaths Preceded by Cancer, pd (95% CI) | Adjusted Hazard Ratio (95% CI) | Population-attributable Fraction (95% CI) | Cancer-attributable Mortality Rate |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All sites combined | 31 611 | 17.5% (17.3%–17.8%) | 5.79 (5.69–5.89) | 14.5% (13.6%–15.4%) | 386.9 |
| AIDS-defining cancers | 12 315 | 6.5% (6.4%–6.7%) | 4.28 (4.17–4.40) | 5.0% (4.4%–5.6%) | 134.1 |
| Kaposi sarcoma | 4485 | 1.9% (1.8%–2.0%) | 2.99 (2.86–3.14) | 1.3% (.9%–1.6%) | 34.0 |
| Non-Hodgkin lymphoma | 7072 | 4.3% (4.1%–4.4%) | 5.35 (5.18–5.52) | 3.5% (3.0%–3.9%) | 92.6 |
| Cervical | 758 | .4% (.3%–.4%) | 2.56 (2.31–2.85) | .2% (.1%–.4%) | 5.9 |
| Non–AIDS-defining cancers | 19 296 | 11.0% (10.8%–11.2%) | 6.21 (6.08–6.34) | 9.2% (8.5%–9.9%) | 245.7 |
| Anus | 1729 | .8% (.7%–.9%) | 4.02 (3.74–4.31) | .6% (.4%–.8%) | 16.1 |
| Liver | 1331 | 1.1% (1.1%–1.2%) | 19.0 (17.9–20.2) | 1.1% (.8%–1.3%) | 28.4 |
| Hodgkin lymphoma | 1420 | .6% (.5%–.6%) | 3.47 (3.20–3.77) | .4% (.2%–.6%) | 11.3 |
| Breast | 1110 | .4% (.4%–.5%) | 2.97 (2.70–3.27) | .3% (.1%–.4%) | 7.8 |
| Prostate | 2252 | .5% (.5%–.6%) | 1.21 (1.11–1.32) | .1% (−.1%−.2%) | 2.3 |
| Lung | 2878 | 2.5% (2.4%–2.6%) | 16.3 (15.7–17.0) | 2.4% (2.0%–2.7%) | 63.0 |
| Colorectal | 1272 | .6% (.6%–.7%) | 4.00 (3.69–4.34) | .5% (.3%–.7%) | 12.6 |
| Other | 7304 | 4.3% (4.2%–4.5%) | 6.25 (6.06–6.45) | 3.6% (3.2%–4.1%) | 97.4 |
Abbreviation: CI, confidence interval.
Mortality rates are per 100 000 person-years. Cox proportional hazards regression models use age as the time scale and are adjusted for sex, human immunodeficiency virus transmission risk group, race/ethnicity, time-dependent AIDS status, and attained calendar year. The population-attributable fraction (PAF) is calculated as PAF = pd × [(HR − 1)/HR], where pd is the proportion of deaths preceded by a cancer diagnosis and HR is the adjusted hazard ratio for the association between cancer diagnosis and overall mortality. The sum of cancer-specific population-attributable fractions approximates the fractions for all sites combined and for AIDS-defining and non–AIDS-defining cancer categories, which were estimated using separate models.