Figure 1.

Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) evaluating serum perfluorooctanoic acid concentrations and risk of renal cell carcinoma in stratified and sensitivity analyses in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial. P values represent Wald tests of heterogeneity across strata. BMI = body mass index; ccRCC = clear cell renal cell carcinoma; eGFR = estimated glomerular filtration rate. ^aSelf-reported at study enrollment. ^bBMI-specific analyses exclude individuals with BMI that is missing or less than 18.5 kg/m². ^cAt blood draw. ^dTime from blood draw to diagnosis for cases. ^eInternational Classification of Diseases for Oncology, Second Edition morphology code = 8310. ^fContinuous odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for RCC risk in relation to a 1-unit increase in serum PFAS concentrations on the log₂ scale, or an approximate doubling in analyte levels, were estimated using unconditional multivariable logistic regression models adjusted for age at enrollment (55-59 years, 60-64 years, 65-69 years, ≥70 years), sex (male, female), race and ethnicity (white non-Hispanic, Black non-Hispanic, or other), eGFR (continuous), BMI (<18.5 kg/m², 18.5 to <25 kg/m², 25 to <30 kg/m², ≥30 kg/m², missing), history of hypertension (no or missing, yes), smoking status (never, former, current), previous freeze-thaw cycle, calendar year of blood draw (1993-1995, 1996-1997, 1998-2002), study year of blood draw (enrollment, other), and study center ([1] Minnesota or Marshfield; [2] Colorado, Hawaii, Washington University, University of Utah, or University of Alabama; [3] Georgetown, Henry Ford, or University of Pittsburgh).