Table 3.
Quintile |
P trend d | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Diet quality | 1 (lowest) | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 (highest) | |
Dietary pattern | ||||||
Western dietary pattern | ||||||
High-risk adenoma | ||||||
No. of cases | 52 | 72 | 78 | 72 | 101 | |
Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | 1 (Referent) | 1.36 (0.95 to 1.94) | 1.38 (0.97 to 1.96) | 1.26 (0.88 to 1.80) | 1.67 (1.19 to 2.34) | .01 |
Age-adjusted OR (95% CI)b | 1 (Referent) | 1.35 (0.95 to 1.94) | 1.38 (0.97 to 1.97) | 1.26 (0.88 to 1.80) | 1.66 (1.19 to 2.33) | .01 |
Multivariable OR (95% CI)c | 1 (Referent) | 1.33 (0.93 to 1.91) | 1.37 (0.96 to 1.97) | 1.26 (0.88 to 1.82) | 1.67 (1.18 to 2.37) | .01 |
Low-risk adenoma | ||||||
No. of cases | 125 | 131 | 138 | 150 | 189 | |
Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | 1 (Referent) | 1.03 (0.80 to 1.32) | 1.01 (0.79 to 1.30) | 1.09 (0.86 to 1.38) | 1.30 (1.03 to 1.63) | .04 |
Age-adjusted OR (95% CI)b | 1 (Referent) | 1.01 (0.78 to 1.29) | 1.00 (0.78 to 1.28) | 1.08 (0.85 to 1.38) | 1.31 (1.04 to 1.65) | .02 |
Multivariable OR (95% CI)c | 1 (Referent) | 0.99 (0.77 to 1.28) | 0.98 (0.76 to 1.26) | 1.05 (0.81 to 1.35) | 1.25 (0.97 to 1.59) | .08 |
Prudent dietary pattern | ||||||
High-risk adenoma | ||||||
No. of cases | 103 | 81 | 73 | 61 | 57 | |
Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | 1 (Referent) | 0.88 (0.65 to 1.18) | 0.85 (0.63 to 1.14) | 0.74 (0.54 to 1.02) | 0.73 (0.53 to 1.01) | .045 |
Age-adjusted OR (95% CI)b | 1 (Referent) | 0.86 (0.64 to 1.16) | 0.82 (0.61 to 1.11) | 0.72 (0.52 to 0.99) | 0.70 (0.50 to 0.98) | .03 |
Multivariable OR (95% CI)c | 1 (Referent) | 0.84 (0.62 to 1.13) | 0.80 (0.58 to 1.09) | 0.70 (0.50 to 0.98) | 0.69 (0.48 to 0.98) | .03 |
Low-risk adenoma | ||||||
No. of cases | 179 | 172 | 135 | 128 | 119 | |
Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | 1 (Referent) | 1.07 (0.87 to 1.32) | 0.90 (0.72 to 1.13) | 0.90 (0.71 to 1.13) | 0.87 (0.69 to 1.11) | .16 |
Age-adjusted OR (95% CI)b | 1 (Referent) | 1.05 (0.85 to 1.30) | 0.87 (0.69 to 1.10) | 0.87 (0.69 to 1.10) | 0.86 (0.68 to 1.09) | .13 |
Multivariable OR (95% CI)c | 1 (Referent) | 1.07 (0.86 to 1.32) | 0.90 (0.71 to 1.14) | 0.91 (0.72 to 1.16) | 0.91 (0.71 to 1.17) | .36 |
Recommendation-based dietary index | ||||||
Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension | ||||||
High-risk adenoma | ||||||
No. of cases | 97 | 77 | 83 | 59 | 59 | |
Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | 1 (Referent) | 0.84 (0.62 to 1.13) | 0.90 (0.67 to 1.21) | 0.70 (0.51 to 0.97) | 0.71 (0.52 to 0.99) | .02 |
Age-adjusted OR (95% CI)b | 1 (Referent) | 0.81 (0.60 to 1.10) | 0.85 (0.62 to 1.15) | 0.65 (0.47 to 0.91) | 0.65 (0.46 to 0.91) | .006 |
Multivariable OR (95% CI)c | 1 (Referent) | 0.81 (0.59 to 1.10) | 0.85 (0.62 to 1.16) | 0.65 (0.46 to 0.91) | 0.65 (0.45 to 0.93) | .009 |
Low-risk adenoma | ||||||
No. of cases | 160 | 177 | 133 | 132 | 131 | |
Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | 1 (Referent) | 1.17 (0.94 to 1.45) | 0.87 (0.69 to 1.10) | 0.96 (0.76 to 1.21) | 0.96 (0.76 to 1.22) | .44 |
Age-adjusted OR (95% CI)b | 1 (Referent) | 1.15 (0.93 to 1.43) | 0.84 (0.66 to 1.06) | 0.92 (0.73 to 1.18) | 0.94 (0.73 to 1.20) | .29 |
Multivariable OR (95% CI)c | 1 (Referent) | 1.18 (0.95 to 1.47) | 0.88 (0.69 to 1.11) | 0.98 (0.77 to 1.26) | 1.01 (0.78 to 1.31) | .69 |
Alternative Mediterranean Diet | ||||||
High-risk adenoma | ||||||
No. of cases | 103 | 72 | 74 | 72 | 54 | |
Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | 1 (Referent) | 0.77 (0.57 to 1.04) | 0.79 (0.58 to 1.06) | 0.85 (0.63 to 1.16) | 0.63 (0.45 to 0.88) | .03 |
Age-adjusted OR (95% CI)b | 1 (Referent) | 0.74 (0.54 to 1.00) | 0.74 (0.54 to 1.00) | 0.77 (0.56 to 1.06) | 0.55 (0.38 to 0.78) | .005 |
Multivariable OR (95% CI)c | 1 (Referent) | 0.74 (0.54 to 1.01) | 0.73 (0.53 to 1.00) | 0.76 (0.55 to 1.06) | 0.55 (0.38 to 0.79) | .007 |
Low-risk adenoma | ||||||
No. of cases | 175 | 158 | 136 | 129 | 135 | |
Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | 1 (Referent) | 0.99 (0.80 to 1.23) | 0.85 (0.68 to 1.07) | 0.90 (0.72 to 1.13) | 0.93 (0.74 to 1.16) | .76 |
Age-adjusted OR (95% CI)b | 1 (Referent) | 0.97 (0.78 to 1.20) | 0.83 (0.66 to 1.04) | 0.87 (0.68 to 1.10) | 0.91 (0.71 to 1.16) | .39 |
Multivariable OR (95% CI)c | 1 (Referent) | 1.00 (0.81 to 1.25) | 0.87 (0.69 to 1.10) | 0.93 (0.73 to 1.19) | 1.00 (0.77 to 1.29) | .91 |
Alternative Healthy Eating Index-2010 | ||||||
High-risk adenoma | ||||||
No. of cases | 103 | 86 | 73 | 54 | 59 | |
Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | 1 (Referent) | 0.90 (0.67 to 1.20) | 0.82 (0.61 to 1.12) | 0.64 (0.46 to 0.90) | 0.76 (0.55 to 1.04) | .02 |
Age-adjusted OR (95% CI)b | 1 (Referent) | 0.89 (0.66 to 1.18) | 0.81 (0.60 to 1.10) | 0.63 (0.45 to 0.88) | 0.74 (0.53 to 1.03) | .01 |
Multivariable OR (95% CI)c | 1 (Referent) | 0.87 (0.65 to 1.16) | 0.79 (0.58 to 1.07) | 0.61 (0.43 to 0.87) | 0.71 (0.51 to 1.01) | .01 |
Low-risk adenoma | ||||||
No. of cases | 172 | 147 | 163 | 135 | 116 | |
Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | 1 (Referent) | 0.92 (0.73 to 1.15) | 1.10 (0.89 to 1.37) | 0.96 (0.77 to 1.21) | 0.89 (0.70 to 1.13) | .52 |
Age-adjusted OR (95% CI)b | 1 (Referent) | 0.90 (0.72 to 1.12) | 1.09 (0.87 to 1.35) | 0.94 (0.75 to 1.19) | 0.88 (0.69 to 1.12) | .51 |
Multivariable OR (95% CI)c | 1 (Referent) | 0.92 (0.73 to 1.15) | 1.13 (0.90 to 1.41) | 1.01 (0.79 to 1.28) | 0.95 (0.74 to 1.23) | .90 |
High-risk adenoma includes adenoma at or greater than 1 cm, or with tubulovillous or villous histology or high-grade dysplasia, or 3 or more adenomas.CI = confidence interval; NHSII = Nurses’ Health Study II; OR = odds ratio.
Adjusted for age (continuous), total caloric intake (in quintiles), time period of endoscopy (in 2-year intervals), number of reported endoscopies (continuous), time in years since the most recent endoscopy (continuous), and reason for the current endoscopy (screening, symptoms, missing).
Additionally adjusted for height (continuous), body mass index (in quintiles), family history of colorectal cancer (yes, no), menopausal status (premenopausal, postmenopausal), menopausal hormone use (never, past, current use of menopausal hormones), personal history of type 2 diabetes (yes, no), pack-years of smoking (never, 1-4.9, 5-19.9, 20-39.9, ≥40 pack-years), physical activity (in metabolic equivalent of task-hours per week, quintiles), current use of multivitamin (yes, no), regular use of aspirin (yes, no), and regular use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (yes, no). For Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension, we additionally adjusted for alcohol intake (0, 0.1-14.9, ≥15 g/d).
Calculated using the median of each quintile as a continuous variable.