Table 1.
Demographic characteristics of children and their parents
| Children living with HIV (CLH) | HIV uninfected children (HUC) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|
| N | 49 | 43 | |
| Age years, median (IQR25, IQR75) | 4.827 (3.8, 6.12) | 3.53 (3.09, 4.04) | < 0.001* |
| Female child, n (%) | 25 (51) | 25 (58) | |
| WAZ median (IQR25, IQR75) | −2.45 (− 3.63, − 2.043) | −1.33 (− 2.03, −.525) | < 0.001* |
| HAZ median (IQR25, IQR75) | − 1.89 (− 2.76, − 1.186) | −.925 (− 1.69, .015) | < 0.001* |
| Child school going, n (%) | 27 (55) | 28 (65) | 0.223 |
| Tuberculosis in house, n (%) | 11 (22) | 2 (4) | 0.014 |
| Number of children in house, median (IQR25, IQR75) | 2 (2, 2) | 2 (1, 2) | 0.001* |
| Number of rooms in house, median (IQR25, IQR75) | 2 (2, 3) | 2 (2, 4) | 0.45 |
| Family income, median (IQR25, IQR75) | 11,362 (9478, 11,362) | 7594 (7594, 9478) | 0.0004 |
| Socioeconomic statusb | |||
| Lower, n (%) | 0 (0) | 2 (4.7) | – |
| Upper lower, n (%) | 2 (4) | 10 (23) | 0.006 |
| Middle, n (%) | 20 (41) | 29 (67) | 0.01 |
| Upper middle, n (%) | 27 (55) | 2 (4.7) | < 0.00001 |
| Fuel used for cooking | |||
| Gas, n (%) | 6 (12) | 21 (49) | .00012 |
| Wood, n (%) | 41 (84) | 18 (42) | .00003 |
| Coal, n (%) | 2 (4) | 0 (0) | – |
| Parents | |||
| Mother alive, n (%) | 47 (96) | 43 (100) | – |
| Father alive, n (%) | 27 (55) | 43 (100) | – |
| Mother HIV infected, n (%) | 46 (98) | NAa | – |
| Father HIV infected, n (%) | 22 (45) | NA | – |
| Mothers’ age years, median (IQR25, IQR75) | 30 (27, 33) | 24 (22, 27) | < 0.001* |
| Mothers’ schooling years, median (IQR25, IQR75) | 7 (3, 9) | 9 (7, 10) | 0.0004* |
| Parent on ART during study, n (%) | 26 (53) | NA | – |
*p < 0.05 significant; aNot applicable, bbased on Kuppuswamy’s Socioeconomic Status Scale 2012