Table 3.

Comparison of health-promoting lifestyle profile II (HPLP-II) among students in terms of demographic characteristics.

Variables		Mean ± SDa	CI 95%b	Test results
Sex	Female	2.16 ± 0.45	2.09–2.23	Z = -3.96c P=.0001
	Male	2.34 ± 0.40	2.28–2.40
Age (years)	18–22	2.28 ± 0.43	2.22–2.37	X 2 = 1.63 P=.441
	23–27	2.21 ± 0.44	2.13–2.29
	≥28	2.20 ± 0.52	1.86–2.01
Marital status	Single	2.24 ± 0.43	2.19–2.29	Z = 2.24 P=.025
	Married	2.47 ± 0.38	2.28–2.64
Residence	Dormitory	2.23 ± 0.43	2.18–2.28	Z = 1.91 P=.063
	House	2.40 ± 0.47	2.40–2.56
Smoking	Yes	2.00 ± 0.42	1.86–2.13	Z = 4.00 P ≤ .0001
	No	2.30 ± 0.43	2.24–2.33
Body mass index	Weight loss (≤18.4)	2.22 ± 0.44	2.04–2.41	X 2 = 3.33d P=.343
	Normal (18.5–24.9)	2.24 ± 0.42	2.19–2.29
	Overweight (25–29.9)	2.30 ± 0.49	2.13–2.46
	Obese (≥30)	2.70 ± 0.50	1.86–3.47
Monthly income, in dollar	Low (≥100)	2.07 ± 0.40	1.93–2.21	X 2 = 737.28 P=.0001
	Medium (101–200)	2.19 ± 0.39	2.14–2.24
	High (≥201)	2.43 ± 0.47	2.26–2.59
School	Paramedical	2.25 ± 0.38	2.02–2.49	X 2 = 24.37 P=.082
	Health	2.29 ± 0.47	1.69–3.00
	Nursing and midwifery	2.20 ± 0.47	2.00–2.41
	Dentistry	2.51 ± 0.33	2.35–2.68
	Medical	2.19 ± 0.45	1.92–2.46
	Pharmacy	2.13 ± 0.39	1.99–2.27

Note: ^astandard deviation; ^bconfidence interval; ^cbased on Mann–Whitney U test; ^dbased on Kruskal–Wallis H test.