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. 2021 May 5;58(4):1885–1914. doi: 10.1007/s11187-021-00488-3

Table 8.

Index of Investment Credit Constraints: Heckman probit results

Dependent variable The firm has a The firm is long-
positive investment term credit
credit demandt constrainedt
(1) (2)
Capital ratiot− 1 0.030 − 1.108***
(0.058) (0.179)
Cash ratiot− 1 − 0.964*** − 1.068***
(0.074) (0.259)
Ln(total assets)t− 1 0.035*** − 0.001
(log) (0.006) (0.015)
Cash flow ratiot− 1 3.263*** − 1.209***
(0.144) (0.443)
Aget− 1 0.070*** − 0.091***
(0.014) (0.033)
Investment ratet− 1 0.195***
(0.049)
Sector fixed effects Yes Yes
Year fixed effects Yes Yes
Observations 23,419 9801
Number of firms 7028 4220

This table presents a probit estimation of the firm likelihood to be investment credit constrained using an Heckman two-step methodology to account for selection bias related to non-random positive credit demand. Column (1) and column (2) correspond to the first and the second stages, respectively. All regressions were estimated with a constant and include sector and year fixed-effects. See Section 5 for more details. All the definitions of the variables are summarized in Table 3. *, ** and *** indicate significance levels at 10%, 5% and 1% respectively