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. 2021 May 5;17(2):949–970. doi: 10.1007/s11482-021-09950-6

Table 5.

Pairwise comparisons of mental disorders symptoms by reasons of not working

Sample mean 1 2 3 4 5 6
Anxiety Disorder (GAD-2)
1. Voluntarily not working 1.331
2. Sick with or concerned about COVID 3.045 ***
3. Caring someone with COVID 3.100 ***
4. Employer’s business reduction due to COVID 2.570 *** *** ***
5. Laid off due to COVID 2.957 *** *** ** ***
6. Employer’s business closed temporarily due to COVID 2.589 *** *** *** ***
7. Employer went out of business due to COVID 3.264 *** *** ** *** *** ***
Depressive Disorder (PHQ-2)
1. Voluntarily not working 1.181
2. Sick with or concerned about COVID 2.733 ***
3. Caring someone with COVID 2.729 ***
4. Employer’s business reduction due to COVID 2.230 *** *** ***
5. Laid off due to COVID 2.578 *** *** *** ***
6. Employer’s business closed temporarily due to COVID 2.254 *** *** *** ***
7. Employer went out of business due to COVID 2.985 *** *** *** *** *** ***

Note: Sample size = 482,964; *, **, and *** indicate statistical significance at an alpha level of 0.05, 0.01, and 0.001, respectively