Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of the study population, stratified by baseline HF status.
| Overall | HF | No HF | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N=39,710 | N=25,054 | N=14,656 | ||
| Age, years [mean(SD)] | 77.1(8.7) | 76.3(8.9) | 78.5(8.0) | <.001 |
| Male | 24,119(60.7) | 16,245(64.8) | 7,874(53.7) | <.001 |
| Race/ethnicity | <.001 | |||
| White | 36,710(92.4) | 22,848(91.2) | 13,862(94.6) | |
| Black | 1,997(5.0) | 1,568(6.3) | 429(2.9) | |
| Other | 319(0.8) | 198(0.8) | 121(0.8) | |
| Device Voltage | <.001 | |||
| Low Voltage(pacemaker) | 20,156(50.8) | 8,248(32.9) | 11,908(81.3) | |
| High Voltage(defibrillator) | 19,554(49.2) | 16,806(67.1) | 2,748(18.8) | |
| Device Type | <.001 | |||
| Dual Chamber Pacemaker | 17,797(44.8) | 6,417(25.6) | 11,380(77.6) | |
| CRT-P | 2,359(5.9) | 1,831(7.3) | 528(3.6) | |
| Dual Chamber ICD | 7,750(19.5) | 5,715(22.8) | 2,035(13.9) | |
| CRT-D | 11,804(29.7) | 11,091(44.3) | 713(4.9) | |
| Comorbid conditions | ||||
| Dementia | 1,328(3.3) | 822(3.3) | 506(3.5) | .36 |
| Diabetes Mellitus | 15,366(38.7) | 11,258(44.9) | 4,108(28.0) | <.001 |
| Ischemic heart disease | 28,654(72.2) | 20,606(82.2) | 8,048(54.9) | <.001 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 9,132(23.0) | 6,727(26.9) | 2,405(16.4) | <.001 |
| Congestive Heart failure | 25,054(63.1) | 25,054(100) | 0 | - |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 7,028(17.7) | 4,643(18.5) | 2,385(16.3) | <.001 |
| Hypertension | 35,940(90.5) | 23,133(92.3) | 12,807(87.4) | <.001 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 16,094(40.5) | 12,377(49.4) | 3,717(25.4) | <.001 |
| Renal disease | 13,169(33.2) | 10,464(41.8) | 2,705(18.5) | <.001 |
| Stroke/TIA | 3,820(9.6) | 2,539(10.1) | 1,281(8.7) | <.001 |
| Myocardial infarction | 12,405(31.2) | 10,008(39.9) | 2,397(16.4) | <.001 |
| Cancer | 4,167(10.5) | 2,730(10.9) | 1,437(9.8) | <.001 |
| Valvular heart disease | 16,437(41.4) | 12,123(48.4) | 4,314(29.4) | <.001 |
| CHA2DS2-VASc score, Mean(SD) | 4.9(1.3) | 5.4(1.2) | 4.1(1.2) | <.001 |
| Score<=2 | 1,356(3.4) | 101(0.4) | 1,255(8.6) | <.001 |
| Score=3 | 4,122(10.4) | 961(3.8) | 3,161(21.6) | <.001 |
| Score>=4 | 34,232(86.2) | 23,992(95.8) | 10,240(69.9) | <.001 |
| AF Burden at Baseline (days 31–60) | ||||
| Percent in AF, mean (SD) | 6.43(18.69) | 6.60(19.32) | 6.13(17.56) | 0.013 |
| Maximum duration, mean minutes (SD) | 402.53 (2569.83) | 467.72(3027.64) | 291.08(1484.58) | <.001 |
Baseline characteristics, co-morbidities, stratified by HF at baseline. Values are presented as n(%) unless otherwise specified.
HF: heart failure; SD: standard deviation; ICD: implantable cardioverter-defibrillator; CRT: cardiac resynchronization therapy; TIA: transient ischemic attack.