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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 May 5.
Published in final edited form as: Circulation. 2021 Feb 19;143(18):1797–1808. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.052671

Figure 4 – Changes in short chain acyl carnitine enrichment in hearts perfused with either butyrate of 3-hyrdoxybutyrate (3-OHB).

Figure 4 –

A, sources of 3-hydroxybutyryl carnitine (C4OH) formed in equilibrium with oxidative pathway intermediates; acetyl CoA acetyltransferase (ACAT) 1, β-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (BDH) 1, enoyl CoA hydratase short chain (ECHS) 1, 3-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase (HADH), short chain acyl CoA dehydrogenase (SCAD), and succinyl CoA:3-ketoacid CoA transferase (SCOT) 1. B, representative total ion current chromatogram of 13C enrichment of C4OH carnitine from either 13C butyrate or 13C 3-OHB. Two peaks are evident, 3-hydroxybutryl-L-carnitine (L-C4OH) and 3-hydroxybutyrl-D-carnitine (D-C4OH). C, the ratio of 13C L-C4OH to 13C D-C4OH measured in hearts perfused with either 13C butyrate (n=7 sham, n=6 TAC) or 13C 3-OHB (n=6 sham, n=6 TAC); *p=0.0004 vs. butyrate sham, †p=0.0438 vs. butyrate sham, ‡p<0.0001 vs. butyrate TAC, §p=0.0309 vs. butyrate sham, ||p<0.0001 vs. butyrate TAC via 2-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc test.