Table 2.
Hazard ratios (95% CI) for the association of sex and race with incident PAD and CLI related hospitalizations in ARIC (1987–2015)
| Outcome | Model | White-Female | White-Male | Black-Female | Black-Male |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PAD | Model 1a | Reference | 2.00 (1.63–2.46) | 2.12 (1.65–2.74) | 2.64 (1.98–3.53) |
| Model 2b | Reference | 2.30 (1.86–2.84) | 1.42 (1.07–1.89) | 2.02 (1.49–2.74) | |
| Model 3c | Reference | 1.14 (0.90–1.45) | 1.39 (1.03–1.87) | 1.26 (0.92–1.72) | |
| CLI | Model 1a | Reference | 1.75 (1.20–2.55) | 4.37 (2.98–6.40) | 4.70 (3.03–7.30) |
| Model 2b | Reference | 2.19 (1.49–3.23) | 2.39 (1.55–3.70) | 3.25 (2.04–5.17) | |
| Model 3c | Reference | 1.15 (0.75–1.76) | 2.06 (1.31–3.24) | 1.96 (1.22–3.16) |
a
Model 1: Adjusted for age.
b
Model 2: Further adjusted for education level, income, frequency of visits for health care, health insurance.
c
Model 3: Adjusted for variables in Model 2 plus pack-years of smoking, current drinking status, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, eGFR, diabetes, systolic blood pressure, anti-hypertensive medication use, prevalent heart failure, prevalent coronary heart disease, and prevalent stroke.
PAD: peripheral artery disease; CLI: critical limb ischemia.