. 2021 May 5;198:111281. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111281

Table 3.

Health effects of PM on the nervous system.

S. No.	PM type	Country/Location	Period	Patients/Subject	Health effects	Reference
1.	PM₁₀ and PM_2.5	Mexico	2016–2017	120 children	Diminished olfactory identification performance and affected CNS function	Guarneros et al. (2020)
2.	PM₁₀ and PM_2.5	13 cities of China	2013–2015	111,842 hospital outpatients	Increases mental disorders exacerbations	Lu et al. (2020)
3.	PM₁₀ and PM_2.5	China	2014–2015	16,601 anxiety hospital admissions	Worsens the risks of anxiety hospitalizations	Yue et al. (2019)
4.	PM₁₀	Saxony, Germany	2005–2014	1,126,014 individuals	Increased risk of anxiety and depression	Zhao et al. (2020)
5.	PM_2.5	United Kingdom	2006–2010	111,370 participants	Increases the risk of glaucoma via neurotoxic and/or vascular effects	Chua et al. (2019)
6.	PM_2.5	Unites States	1999–2010	998 participants	Increased risk for Alzheimer's disease	Younan et al. (2020)
7.	PM_2.5	Boston, New York, Shanghai or Changsha	2010–2014	135 first episode schizophrenia patients	Interacts with psychosis to reduce hippocampal volume	Worthington et al. (2020)
8.	PM_2.5	Denmark	1989–2014	21,057 cases	Increased risk factor for CNS tumors	Poulsen et al. (2020)
9.	PM_2.5	Mexico	2007–2011	509 mothers	Increased the risk of Postpartum depression and neuropsychological dysfunction in mothers	Niedzwiecki et al. (2020)
10.	PM_2.5	Utah	1986–2015	2444 pediatric patients and 13,459 young adult patients with cancer	Increases cancer mortality in pediatric lymphomas and CNS tumors	Ou et al. (2020a)
11.	PM_2.5	Barcelona	2012–2014	186 participants	Decreased corpus callosum volume in pre-adolescent children and behavior problems	Mortamais et al. (2019)
12.	PM	West Virginian counties, USA	2001–2005	Public Health and Socioeconomic Data	Increased dementia mortality	Salm and Benson (2019)