Fig. 7.

Model to show autocrine and paracrine effects of REST on MB vasculature. REST expression in MB cells promotes increased secretion of proangiogenic molecules such as VEGF and PGF, ligands that activate the VEGFR1 receptor present on vascular endothelial cells. In addition, REST upregulates the expression of ETS1 and VEGFR1 in MB cells to mimic endothelial cell behavior. Dotted lines indicate that the mechanism(s) are unclear. Both processes contribute to an increase in vasculature and tumor progression.