Table 4.
Echocardiographic parameters before Carfilzomib and 6 months follow-up evaluation according to the type of cardiovascular adverse event (CVAE).
| TTE | Major CVAEs, n = 15 | Hypertension-related CVAEs, n = 36 | No CVAEs, n = 37 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | FU exam | P-value | Baseline | FU exam | P-value | Baseline | FU exam | P-value | ||
| LV systolic function | LVEF, %* | 56.9 ± 4.9 | 58.5 ± 4.9 | 0.15 | 60.7 ± 5 | 59 ± 5.4 | 0.15 | 62.3 ± 5.5 | 60.6 ± 4.3 | 0.044 |
| ΔLVEF* | +1.7 ± 3.7 | −1.7 ± 5.9 | −1.7 ± 4.4 | 0.09 | ||||||
| GLS, %* | −20.4 ± 2.6 | −20.7 ± 3.3 | 0.5 | −22 ± 2.3 | −21 ± 2.3 | 0.002 | −23.1 ± 2.5 | −21.7 ± 2.3 | <0.001 | |
| ΔGLS* | −0.35 ± 1.7# | +1 ± 1.6 | +1.4 ± 1.8# | 0.01 | ||||||
| LV morphology | LVMi, (g/m2) | 86.2 ± 22 | 94.4 ± 32 | 0.25 | 95.7 ± 21.7 | 92.3 ± 18.9 | 0.4 | 87.9 ± 19.7 | 87.6 ± 23.9 | 0.9 |
| RWT | 0.45 ± 0.09 | 0.47 ± 0.08 | 0.5 | 0.46 ± 0.1 | 0.45 ± 0.09 | 0.8 | 0.41 ± 0.07 | 0.44 ± 0.1 | 0.2 | |
| LV diastolic function | LAVi, ml/m2 | 28.6 ± 7.9 | 33.1 ± 12.6 | 0.15 | 27.3 ± 8.6 | 31 ± 9.9 | 0.052 | 30.4 ± 7.8 | 29.3 ± 9 | 0.6 |
| E/A | 0.91 ± 0.22 | 0.86 ± 0.12 | 0.2 | 0.93 ± 0.31 | 0.92 ± 0.31 | 0.9 | 1 ± 0.28 | 0.96 ± 0.22 | 0.09 | |
| E/e′ | 8.9 ± 2.9 | 10 ± 5.1 | 0.4 | 8.8 ± 2.2 | 10.3 ± 3.5 | 0.006 | 9.3 ± 2.6 | 9.8 ± 2.3 | 0.1 | |
| Diastolic dysfunction, n(%) | 1 (6.6) | 3 (20) | 0.5 | 3 (8.3) | 6 (16.6) | 0.1 | 1 (2.7) | 2 (5.4) | 1 | |
*
Mean values estimated on 70 patients (group 1, n = 12; group 2, n = 28; group 3, n = 30).
#
P < 0.05 between groups 1 and 3.
FU, follow-up; TTE, transthoracic echocardiography; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; GLS, global longitudinal strain; LVMi, left ventricular mass indexed to body surface area; RWT, relative wall thickness; LAVi, left atrial volume indexed to body surface area; E/A, transmitral Doppler E wave velocity/transmitral Doppler A wave velocity; E/e′, transmitral Doppler E wave velocity/TDI e′ wave velocity.