Table 5.

Results from Tukey HSD comparisons for biomarkers at designated timepoints between patients with mTBI without somatic injuries (mTBI–), patients with mTBI with somatic injuries (mTBI+), trauma controls (TC), and community controls (CC).

Biomarkers	GFAP—acute	GFAP–72 h	NFL–2 weeks	NFL–3 months	Tau—acute
	Estimate‡ (95% CI)	Estimate‡ (95% CI)	Estimate‡ (95% CI)	Estimate‡ (95% CI)	Estimate‡ (95% CI)
	p-value	p-value	p-value	p-value	p-value
TC: CC	0.02 (−0.43 to 0.47)			−0.05 (−0.18 to 0.09)	−0.11 (−0.38 to 0.16)
	p = 0.99			p = 0.83	p = 0.70
mTBI–: CC	0.73 (0.51 to 0.95)			0.14 (0.03 to 0.25)	0.13 (0.01 to 0.27)
	p < 0.0001			p = 0.008	p = 0.03
mTBI+: CC	1.07 (0.82 to 1.31)			0.28 (0.16 to 0.41)	0.25 (0.10 to 0.39)
	p < 0.0001			p < 0.0001	p = 0.0001
mTBI–: TC	0.71 (0.24 to 1.18)	0.42 (−0.15 to 0.99)	0.31 (−0.07 to 0.68)	0.18 (0.05 to 0.31)	0.25 (−0.03 to 0.53)
	p = 0.0008	p = 0.20	p = 0.13	p = 0.002	p = 0.09
mTBI+: TC	1.05 (0.56 to 1.53)	0.64 (0.06 to 1.22)	0.63 (0.24 to 1.01)	0.33 (0.19 to 0.47)	0.36 (0.07 to 0.65)
	p < 0.0001	p = 0.03	p = 0.0005	p < 0.0001	p = 0.009
mTBI+: mTBI–	0.33 (0.05 to 0.62)	0.22 (0.01 to 0.43)	0.32 (0.14 to 0.51)	0.15 (0.03 to 0.26)	0.11 (−0.06 to 0.28)
	p = 0.01	p = 0.04	p = 0.0002	p = 0.008	p = 0.36

^‡Estimate refers to mean log-transformed group differences as estimated by Tukey's HSD; 95% CI is the 95% confidence interval of the estimated group difference. Significant differences are bolded.

mTBI, mild traumatic brain injury; GFAP, Glial fibrillary acidic protein; NFL, Neurofilament light; TC, Trauma controls; CC, Community control.