Table 2.
Characteristics of patients with sepsis stratified according to the best cut-off level of plasma HMGB1 from the derivation cohort (n = 142).
| Low HMGB1 (n = 93) | High HMGB1 (n = 49) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 65 (54–74) | 67 (51–72) | 0.828 |
| Gender, male | 64 (68.8) | 31 (63.3) | 0.504 |
| Co-morbidities | |||
| Cancer | 46 (49.5) | 28 (57.1) | 0.384 |
| Solid tumor | 30 (32.3) | 20 (40.8) | 0.310 |
| Hematologic malignancy | 16 (17.2) | 8 (16.3) | 0.894 |
| Diabetes | 28 (30.1) | 15 (30.6) | 0.950 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 6 (6.5) | 5 (10.2) | 0.513 |
| Myocardial infarction | 4 (4.3) | 3 (6.1) | 0.693 |
| Congestive heart failure | 1 (1.1) | 4 (8.2) | 0.048 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 3 (3.2) | 3 (6.1) | 0.415 |
| Charlson comorbidity index | 2 (1–3) | 2 (1–3) | 0.244 |
| Septic shock | 46 (49.5) | 38 (77.6) | 0.001 |
| Clinical status on ICU admission | |||
| Need for MV | 38 (40.9) | 26 (53.1) | 0.165 |
| Need for vasopressor support | 59 (63.4) | 41 (83.7) | 0.012 |
| Laboratory findings | |||
| PaO2/FiO2 ratio | 196.0 (128.8–285.7) | 167.0 (123.5–272.3) | 0.191 |
| CRP, mg/dL | 12.0 (3.4–20.1) | 15.8 (6.5–26.1) | 0.037 |
| Lactic acid, mg/dL | 2.3 (1.7–3.3) | 3.9 (2.3–5.7) | < 0.001 |
| Severity of illness | |||
| SAPS 3 | 51 (44–58) | 56 (50–74) | 0.004 |
| APACHE II score | 21 (17–26) | 28 (21–25) | < 0.001 |
| Initial SOFA score | 7 (6–10) | 11 (8–13) | < 0.001 |
| Outcome | |||
| 7-day mortality | 5 (5.4) | 7 (14.3) | 0.109 |
| 28-day mortality | 13 (14.0) | 17 (34.7) | 0.004 |
| 90-day mortality | 23 (24.7) | 25 (51.0) | 0.002 |
| In-hospital mortality | 14 (15.1) | 22 (44.9) | < 0.001 |
APACHE II, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II; CRP, C-reactive protein; ICU, intensive care unit; MV, mechanical ventilation; PaO2/FiO2, arterial partial pressure of oxygen/fraction of inspired oxygen; SAPS 3, simplified acute physiology score 3; SOFA, sequential organ failure assessment.