Table 3.
Characteristics of patients with sepsis stratified according to the level of plasma HMGB1 from the validation cohort (n = 77).
| Characteristics | Overall | Low HMGB1 (n = 56) | High HMGB1 (n = 21) | P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 67 (59–75) | 69 (55–76) | 66 (63–71) | 0.792 | ||
| Gender, male | 54 (70.1) | 38 (67.9) | 16 (76.2) | 0.477 | ||
| Co-morbidities | ||||||
| Cancer | 43 (55.8) | 29 (51.8) | 14 (66.7) | 0.242 | ||
| Solid tumor | 32 (41.6) | 21 (37.5) | 11 (52.4) | 0.238 | ||
| Hematologic malignancy | 12 (15.6) | 9 (16.1) | 3 (14.3) | 1.000 | ||
| Diabetes | 26 (33.8) | 18 (32.1) | 8 (38.1) | 0.623 | ||
| Chronic kidney disease | 7 (9.1) | 5 (8.9) | 2 (9.5) | 1.000 | ||
| Myocardial infarction | 4 (5.2) | 2 (3.6) | 2 (9.5) | 0.298 | ||
| Congestive heart failure | 3 (3.9) | 3 (5.4) | 0 | 0.558 | ||
| Cerebrovascular diseases | 4 (5.2) | 4 (7.1) | 0 | 0.570 | ||
| Charlson cormobidity index | 2 (1–3) | 2 (1–3) | 2 (1–3) | 0.751 | ||
| Septic shock | 53 (68.8) | 37 (66.1) | 16 (76.2) | 0.393 | ||
| Clinical status on ICU admission | ||||||
| Need for mechanical ventilation | 34 (44.2) | 24 (42.9) | 10 (47.6) | 0.708 | ||
| Need for vasopressor support | 62 (80.5) | 46 (82.1) | 16 (76.2) | 0.537 | ||
| Laboratory findings | ||||||
| PaO2/FiO2 ratio | 233.8 (150.7–351.9) | 222.7 (149.5–306.9) | 302.5 (162.7–386.2) | 0.153 | ||
| CRP, mg/dL | 13.1 (6.9–25.6) | 12.2 (5.4–23.9) | 15.4 (8.1–31.0) | 0.088 | ||
| Lactic acid, mg/dL | 3.0 (1.9–4.6) | 2.7 (1.7–4.2) | 3.8 (2.2–4.9) | 0.098 | ||
| Severity of illness | ||||||
| SAPS 3 | 57 (48–65) | 57 (47–63) | 60 (54–66) | 0.212 | ||
| APACHE II score | 25 (20–30) | 25 (18–28) | 29 (21–32) | 0.084 | ||
| Initial SOFA score | 9 (7–11) | 9 (7–11) | 10 (8–12) | 0.052 | ||
| 7-day mortality | 1 (1.3) | 0 | 1 (4.8) | 0.273 | ||
| 28-day mortality | 9 (11.7) | 2 (3.6) | 7 (33.3) | 0.001 | ||
| 90-day mortality | 21 (27.3) | 10 (17.9) | 11 (52.4) | 0.002 | ||
| In-hospital mortality | 17 (22.1) | 7 (12.5) | 10 (47.6) | 0.002 | ||
APACHE II, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II; CRP, C-reactive protein; ICU, intensive care unit; PaO2/FiO2, arterial partial pressure of oxygen/fraction of inspired oxygen; SAPS 3, simplified acute physiology score 3; SOFA, sequential organ failure assessment.