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. 2021 Apr 21;12:642836. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.642836

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Copyright © 2021 Martinez-Armenta, Camacho-Rea, Martínez-Nava, Espinosa-Velázquez, Pineda, Gomez-Quiroz and López-Reyes.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Chondroprotective effect of bioactive compounds found in honey. (A) Structure of honey bioactive molecules with potential application in targeting dysregulation of articular homeostasis. (B) Mechanisms exerted by honey-derived flavonoids in osteoarthritic joint. Different flavonoids found in honey can modulate catabolism in joint tissues via several signaling pathways promoting chondrogenesis-related genes expression such as SOX9, ACAN and COL2A1. ACAN: aggrecan; AGEs: advanced glycation end-products; ECM: extracellular matrix; GAG: glycosaminoglycans; HIF-2α: hypoxia-inducible factor 2 alpha; MMPs: metalloproteinases; NO: nitric oxide; PGE2: prostaglandin E2; SOD: superoxide dismutase. ↑ = up-regulate/stimulate/increase; ∅ = down-regulate/inhibit/suppress/reduce.