TABLE 2.
Mo/Mp | Function | ||
---|---|---|---|
Feature the steady-state | Wound healing | ||
Ly6C+ (Sieweke and Allen, 2013) | CCL2 can regulate its chemotactic activity Willenborg et al. (2012), Gupta et al. (2013), Dal-Secco et al. (2015) | 1.A precursor of the TRMs Italiani and Boraschi, (2014) | 1.Upregulate TNF-α, IL-1β |
2.Activate a function similar to M1 Daley et al. (2010), Brancato and Albina, (2011) | |||
2.A precursor of Ly6C− in blood and bone marrow Varol et al. (2007), Yona et al. (2013) | 3.Die in the wound during the inflammatory, repair, proliferation period Albina et al. (1990) | ||
4.Enter the non-lymphoid organs and circulated to the lymph nodes Jakubzick et al. (2013) | |||
Ly6C− (Sieweke and Allen, 2013) | Fractalkine (CX3CL1) can regulate its chemotactic activity Ishida et al. (2008), Lauvau et al. (2015) | 1.Patrol the signs of endothelial inflammation or injury Auffray et al. (2007), Carlin et al. (2013) | 1.Upregulate TGF-β, VEGF |
2.Produce inflammatory mediators and coordinate the repair of damaged vascular endothelium Carlin et al. (2013), Italiani and Boraschi, (2014) | 2.Activate a function similar to M2 Daley et al. (2010), Brancato and Albina, (2011) | ||
TRMs F4/80+ (Ganesh and Ramkumar, 2020; Sieweke and Allen, 2013) | Bone marrow/Circulation Sieweke and Allen, (2013) and embryonic progenitor cells (yolk sac, fetal liver) derived Mp Chorro et al. (2009), Hoeffel et al. (2012), Sieweke and Allen, (2013) | Local proliferation and self-renewal of mature differentiated cells without changing their differentiation phenotype Chorro et al. (2009), Hashimoto et al. (2013), Sieweke and Allen, (2013) | 1.Involve in the induction of inflammation Stojadinovic et al. (2013) |
2. Compensatory regulation through early recruitment and late self-proliferation Davies et al. (2011), Sieweke and Allen, (2013) | |||
3. Activate a function similar to M2 Brancato and Albina, (2011) | |||
WAMs F4/80− (Wang et al., 2014; Sieweke and Allen, 2013) | M1 Koh et al. (2013) | GM-CSF, IFN-γ, TNF-α, LPS induce Koh et al. (2013) | 1.M1 has the function of promoting inflammation |
M2 Koh et al. (2013) | M2a: IL-4, IL-13 induce Lech et al. (2012) | 2.M2 has the function of anti-inflammatory, repairing tissue, promoting angiogenesis | |
M2b: Immune complexes, TLR receptor agonists, IL-1 receptor agonists induce Mantovani et al. (2004) | 3.M2a promote matrix reconstruction and tissue repair | ||
M2c: IL-10, TGF-β, glucocorticoid induce Lech et al. (2012) | 4.M2b and M2c mainly play the function of immune regulation Brancato and Albina, (2011) |
Partial Abbreviations: CCL2: Chemokine C-C-motif ligand 2, TRMs: Tissue-resident macrophages, TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor-α, IL: Interleukin, CX3CL1: Chemokine C-X3-C-motif Ligand 1, TLR: Toll-like receptor, TGF-β: Transforming growth factor-β, VEGF: Vascular endothelial growth factor, WAMs: Wound-associated macrophages, GM-CSF: Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, LPS: Lipopolysaccharide.