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. 2021 Apr 21;12:653940. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.653940

TABLE 2.

Function and relationship of Mo/Mp subpopulations in wound homeostasis and repair.

Mo/Mp Function
Feature the steady-state Wound healing
Ly6C+ (Sieweke and Allen, 2013) CCL2 can regulate its chemotactic activity Willenborg et al. (2012), Gupta et al. (2013), Dal-Secco et al. (2015) 1.A precursor of the TRMs Italiani and Boraschi, (2014) 1.Upregulate TNF-α, IL-1β
2.Activate a function similar to M1 Daley et al. (2010), Brancato and Albina, (2011)
2.A precursor of Ly6C in blood and bone marrow Varol et al. (2007), Yona et al. (2013) 3.Die in the wound during the inflammatory, repair, proliferation period Albina et al. (1990)
4.Enter the non-lymphoid organs and circulated to the lymph nodes Jakubzick et al. (2013)
Ly6C (Sieweke and Allen, 2013) Fractalkine (CX3CL1) can regulate its chemotactic activity Ishida et al. (2008), Lauvau et al. (2015) 1.Patrol the signs of endothelial inflammation or injury Auffray et al. (2007), Carlin et al. (2013) 1.Upregulate TGF-β, VEGF
2.Produce inflammatory mediators and coordinate the repair of damaged vascular endothelium Carlin et al. (2013), Italiani and Boraschi, (2014) 2.Activate a function similar to M2 Daley et al. (2010), Brancato and Albina, (2011)
TRMs F4/80+ (Ganesh and Ramkumar, 2020; Sieweke and Allen, 2013) Bone marrow/Circulation Sieweke and Allen, (2013) and embryonic progenitor cells (yolk sac, fetal liver) derived Mp Chorro et al. (2009), Hoeffel et al. (2012), Sieweke and Allen, (2013) Local proliferation and self-renewal of mature differentiated cells without changing their differentiation phenotype Chorro et al. (2009), Hashimoto et al. (2013), Sieweke and Allen, (2013) 1.Involve in the induction of inflammation Stojadinovic et al. (2013)
2. Compensatory regulation through early recruitment and late self-proliferation Davies et al. (2011), Sieweke and Allen, (2013)
3. Activate a function similar to M2 Brancato and Albina, (2011)
WAMs F4/80 (Wang et al., 2014; Sieweke and Allen, 2013) M1 Koh et al. (2013) GM-CSF, IFN-γ, TNF-α, LPS induce Koh et al. (2013) 1.M1 has the function of promoting inflammation
M2 Koh et al. (2013) M2a: IL-4, IL-13 induce Lech et al. (2012) 2.M2 has the function of anti-inflammatory, repairing tissue, promoting angiogenesis
M2b: Immune complexes, TLR receptor agonists, IL-1 receptor agonists induce Mantovani et al. (2004) 3.M2a promote matrix reconstruction and tissue repair
M2c: IL-10, TGF-β, glucocorticoid induce Lech et al. (2012) 4.M2b and M2c mainly play the function of immune regulation Brancato and Albina, (2011)

Partial Abbreviations: CCL2: Chemokine C-C-motif ligand 2, TRMs: Tissue-resident macrophages, TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor-α, IL: Interleukin, CX3CL1: Chemokine C-X3-C-motif Ligand 1, TLR: Toll-like receptor, TGF-β: Transforming growth factor-β, VEGF: Vascular endothelial growth factor, WAMs: Wound-associated macrophages, GM-CSF: Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, LPS: Lipopolysaccharide.