Figure 5.

Metformin modulates mitochondrial fission in T cells. Mice were injected i.v. with 1.8 × 10⁹ pfu of AdLacZ and sacrificed at 7 dpi. T cells from liver and spleen were isolated and cultured with the indicated concentrations of metformin (0, 1, 5 and 10 mM) for 6 and 12 h. (A) Representative images of Mito Tracker Green histogram in IHL. (B) MFI of Mito Tracker Green in IHL. (C) Representative images of Mito Tracker Green histogram in splenic lymphocytes. (D) MFI of Mito Tracker Green in splenic lymphocytes. (E, F) western blot and statistical analysis of p-Drp-1(Ser616), Drp-1(Ser637) and FIS1 expression in CD8⁺ T cells. Data are representative of at least three independent experiments. Values are shown as mean ± SEM of n = 3-4 samples/group from single experiments representative of at least three experiments performed. One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test was used. Metformin treatment groups (1, 5 and 10 mM) were compared to the control group (0 mM). *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; ****p < 0.0001; ns, no significant difference.