Table 4.
Levels of lipid mediators in white adipose tissue derived from ARA, EPA and DHA.
| STD | STD + ω3 | HFHS | HFHS + ω3 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ARA DERIVATIVES | |||||||||
| Lipid Mediator | Pathway | Mean | SEM | Mean | SEM | Mean | SEM | Mean | SEM |
| 5HETE*$ | 5LOX/GPX | 28.36 a | 1.13 | 18.21 b | 1.27 | 9.72 c | 1.26 | 11.91 c | 1.26 |
| 5OxoETE* | 5LOX/DHO | 9.44 a | 0.08 | 8.71 a | 0.14 | 8.51 a | 0.07 | 8.80 a | 0.10 |
| 11HETE*$# | Non enzy | 39.95 a | 1.18 | 18.92 b | 2.88 | 18.59 b | 2.90 | 17.38 b | 2.08 |
| 12HETE*$# | 12LOX/GPX | 67.88 a | 1.51 | 41.84 b | 4.58 | 34.99 b | 5.43 | 26.56 c | 2.43 |
| 12OxoETE*$# | 12LOX/DHO | 39.17 a | 0.47 | 39.98 a | 2.77 | 37.51 b | 1.79 | 40.00 a | 0.74 |
| 15HETE*$ | 15LOX/GPX | 36.78 a | 1.20 | 17.72 b | 1.60 | 18.65 b | 2.59 | 18.50 b | 1.86 |
| 20HETE*$# | CYP | 2.70 a | 0.07 | 1.95 b | 0.29 | 2.96c | 0.07 | 0.00 d | 0.00 |
| (±)5(6)-EET*# | CYP | 23.95 a | 0.36 | 18.71 b | 1.52 | 10.56 c | 0.86 | 13.77 c | 0.50 |
| (±)5(6)-DiHET | CYP/sEH | 0.00 a | 0.00 | 0.00 a | 0.00 | 0.00 a | 0.00 | 0.00 a | 0.00 |
| (±)8(9)-EET* | CYP | 8.49 a | 0.14 | 8.09 a | 0.35 | 6.50 b | 0.22 | 6.78 b | 0.13 |
| (±)8(9)-DiHET | CYP/sEH | 0.00 a | 0.00 | 0.00 a | 0.00 | 0.00 a | 0.00 | 0.00 a | 0.00 |
| (±)11(12)-DiHET* | CYP/sEH | 0.06 a | 0.00 | 0.05 a | 0.01 | 0.00 b | 0.00 | 0.00 b | 0.00 |
| (±)14(15)-EET | CYP | 1.66 a | 0.14 | 1.27 a | 0.31 | 1.66 a | 0.26 | 1.14 a | 0.26 |
| (±)14(15)-DiHET*$# | CYP/sEH | 0.35 a | 0.04 | 0.25 b | 0.05 | 0.52 c | 0.03 | 0.00 d | 0.00 |
| PGE2*$ | COX | 182.51 a | 6.30 | 142.03 b | 18.90 | 164.61 a | 19.37 | 148.44 ab | 9.81 |
| PGD2*$# | COX*# | 42.47 a | 1.91 | 62.19 b | 10.26 | 56.67 b | 3.75 | 51.63 ab | 5.43 |
| PGD2/PGE2*$# | COX | 0.23 a | 0.03 | 0.44 b | 0.18 | 0.34 ab | 0.06 | 0.35 ab | 0.18 |
| LTB4 | 5LOX | 0.00 a | 0.00 | 0.00 a | 0.00 | 0.00 a | 0.00 | 0.00 a | 0.00 |
| EPA DERIVATIVES | |||||||||
| Lipid Mediator | Pathway | Mean | SEM | Mean | SEM | Mean | SEM | Mean | SEM |
| 5HEPE*$# | 5LOX/GPX | 1.54 a | 0.24 | 4.18 b | 0.24 | 0.00 c | 0.00 | 0.00 c | 0.00 |
| 11HEPE$# | Non enzy | 2.15 a | 0.38 | 3.72 b | 0.27 | 1.84 a | 0.27 | 3.27 b | 0.25 |
| 12HpEPE$# | 12LOX | 22.43 a | 3.32 | 62.30 b | 17.53 | 19.68 a | 5.68 | 19.98 a | 2.80 |
| 12HEPE$# | 12LOX/GPX | 3.99 a | 0.61 | 12.13 b | 1.20 | 1.97 a | 0.44 | 6.84 b | 0.78 |
| 15HpEPE*# | 15LOX | 8.46 a | 0.73 | 8.71 a | 0.64 | 5.16 a | 0.03 | 4.69 a | 0.56 |
| 15HEPE$ | 15LOX/GPX | 4.66 a | 0.81 | 7.09 b | 0.57 | 3.96 a | 0.39 | 6.34 b | 0.51 |
| 18HEPE*$# | Non enzy | 4.64 a | 0.27 | 5.66 a | 0.63 | 2.43 a | 0.09 | 9.04 b | 0.68 |
| (±)17(18)-DiHETE | CYP/sEH | 0.00 a | 0.00 | 0.00 a | 0.00 | 0.00 a | 0.00 | 0.00 a | 0.00 |
| DHA DERIVATIVES | |||||||||
| Lipid Mediator | Pathway | Mean | SEM | Mean | SEM | Mean | SEM | Mean | SEM |
| 4HDoHE*$ | 5LOX/GPX | 3.17 ab | 0.27 | 3.57 b | 0.20 | 2.44 a | 0.07 | 3.75 b | 0.30 |
| 11HDoHE*$ | 12LOX/GPX | 1.52 a | 0.23 | 2.68 b | 0.15 | 1.06 c | 0.19 | 2.94 b | 0.34 |
| 14HDoHE$ | 12LOX/GPX | 20.85 a | 2.72 | 27.96 b | 0.34 | 18.60 a | 2.69 | 28.75 b | 2.36 |
| 17HDoHE$# | 15LOX/GPX | 24.46 a | 3.20 | 33.54 b | 2.26 | 29.78 a | 2.51 | 37.63 b | 1.85 |
| PDX*$# | 15LOX/GPX | 1.31 a | 0.32 | 0.99 a | 0.00 | 0.22 b | 0.03 | 1.34 a | 0.15 |
| (±)7(8)-EDP | CYP | 3.76 a | 0.10 | 4.62 b | 0.24 | 4.01 a | 0.28 | 4.64 ab | 0.26 |
| (±)10(11)-EDP*$ | CYP | 2.45 a | 0.11 | 2.81 b | 0.09 | 1.95 a | 0.14 | 2.54 b | 0.18 |
| (±)13(14)-EDP*$ | CYP | 1.22 a | 0.07 | 1.75 b | 0.08 | 1.09 a | 0.10 | 1.45 b | 0.11 |
| (±)19(20)-EDP* | CYP | 5.20 a | 0.42 | 5.86 ab | 0.30 | 0.00 b | 0.00 | 6.60 c | 0.51 |
| (±)19(20)-DiHDPA*# | CYP/sEH | 3.14 a | 0.06 | 3.73 a | 0.24 | 0.00 b | 0.00 | 0.00 b | 0.00 |
Two-way ANOVA analyses were done. *p < 0.05 significant differences given by the factor “diet” (STD vs. HFHS); $ p < 0.05 significant differences given by the factor “supplement” (control vs ω-3). Superscript # indicates significant interaction (p <0.05) between the factors diet (ST and HFHS) and supplement (control and ω-3 PUFAs supplement). Means with different superscript (a,b,c,d)indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) (analyzed by post-hoc Fisher LSD).
Results are expressed as ng/mL. Results are expressed as means with their standard errors of the mean (SEM); n=9 per group.