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. 2021 May 5;11(5):210009. doi: 10.1098/rsob.210009

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© 2021 The Authors.

Published by the Royal Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, which permits unrestricted use, provided the original author and source are credited.

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Figure 1. — Mechanisms of target AMPylation. (a) Reaction scheme of Rab1 AMPylation by non-Fic AMPylase DrrA. Asp150, Asp110 and Asp249 are involved in coordination of the divalent cation; Asp112 is involved in deprotonation of the incoming target side chain (Tyr77 of Rab1). (b) Reaction scheme of CDC42/Rac1 AMPylation by Fic domain containing bacterial AMPylase VopS. The conserved His acts as a proton sink and deprotonates Thr35 of Cdc42/Rac1. The figure emphasizes the significance of Fic motif in coordinating the phosphates of the ATP molecule and catalysing AMP transfer. ATP molecule is depicted in green, and red arrows depict the reaction steps during AMPylation. This figure has been modified from Hedberg C. and Itzen A [8] and Gavriljuk et.al. [9].