Fig. 6.

Growth pathways are directly linked to cancer pathways. (A) Gene interaction network of capybara genes. Molecular interactions among 90 genes identified by the intersection of four criteria: lineage-specific family expansions, positive selection, rapid protein evolution, and unique amino acid substitutions at sites otherwise fixed in rodents. Cluster analysis was based on Gene Ontology categories. (B) Intragenomic conflict during the evolution of gigantism. Molecular interactions among 22 major genes involved in growth regulation by the IIS and TGFβS pathways, and T-cell-mediated immune response. Eight of the 11 genes within the growth regulating pathways act also as oncogenes and are involved in known cancer pathways.