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. 2021 Mar 1;8(9):2004616. doi: 10.1002/advs.202004616

Figure 1.

Figure 1

a) Schematic of the five‐phase transitions of a trilayer hydrogel bar. b) Sandwiching method to fabricate a trilayer hydrogel. c) Linkers between OMA and GelMA chains at the layer interface. d–f) The bending degree of the three trilayers as a function of time. g) Cell viability in the constructs of the three groups after shape evolution: 1) O10M20A/GelMA/O10M30A, 2) O10M20A/GelMA/O10M45A, and 3) O10M30A/GelMA/O10M45A. h) Cell‐laden four‐arm trilayer gripper and the programmable deformations: h1) schematic illustrating the entire process of shape evolution, h2) top view photomicrograph of a synthesized four‐arm gripper, and h3) photographs of four‐arm gripper shape changes over time. Scale bar indicates 0.5 cm. The two OMA layers were co‐crosslinked with methacryloxyethyl thiocarbamoyl rhodamine B (0.005%) for visualization. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation (± SD), N = 3.