Figure 3.

Improvement of the bioconversion efficiencies of cell factories by introducing the C3N module to increase cellular NAD(H) levels. A) General overview of improving the bioconversion efficiencies of cell factories by C3N module introduction. B) Schematic diagram of DMP production using biocatalysts. Spon.: spontaneous reaction. C) Improvement of DMP production by C3N module introduction. D) Schematic diagram of chiral amine production using biocatalysts. E) Improvement of chiral amine production by C3N module introduction. The bioconversions were performed in 100 × 10⁻³ m KPi buffer (pH 8.5) with 10% DMSO, 2 m NH₄COOH, OD₆₀₀ of 30, at 30 °C, 230 rpm for 10 h. F) Evaluation of different C3N‐based E. coli whole‐cell bioamination systems. G) Evaluation of C3N module effect in E. coli C3N‐ChA3. H) Structures of different rac‐alcohols. I) The bioamination efficiencies of E. coli C3N‐ChA3 for different rac‐alcohols. Unless noted specifically, the bioaminations were performed with the optimal procedure (100 × 10⁻³ m KPi buffer (pH 8.5) with 10% DMSO, 4 m NH₄COOH, OD₆₀₀ of 50, at 37 °C, 230 rpm for 10 h). Data presented as mean ± SD, n = 3, differences were analyzed by Student's t‐test, ****P < 0.0001, ***P < 0.001, **P < 0.01, *P < 0.05, NS, not significant.