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a) Heat transfer scheme in crystal heat conduction. b) Spring vibration heat transfer system. c) Temperature curve with length and phonon energy diagram. d) Phonon scattering modes. e) Phonon–phonon collision modes: N and U processes. f) Phonon mean free pathways for three different phonon scattering modes. Reproduced with permission.[ 40 ] Copyright 2020, Elsevier.
