Table 2.

Advantages and disadvantages of various carbon materials for TES, transfer and conversion

Carbon materials	Advantages	Disadvantages
CNTs	High loading	Complex preparation process
	High conductivity	Easy agglomeration
	Strong solar absorption capacity	High cost
	High conversion efficiency
Carbon fibers	High loading	Easy agglomeration
	High conductivity
	Low cost
Graphene/GO/rGO	High specific surface area	Complex preparation process
	High loading	Easy agglomeration
	High conductivity	High cost
	Strong solar absorption capacity
	High conversion efficiency
MOF‐derived carbon	High porosity	Easy to collapse at high temperature
	High specific surface area	Complex preparation process
	Adjustable pore structure	Low thermal conductivity
	High loading	High cost
	High conversion efficiency
Biomass‐derived carbon	Wide sources of raw materials	Relatively low conversion efficiency
	Green and pollution‐free	Low thermal conductivity
	Low cost
Expanded graphite	Large pore volume	Large expansion coefficient
	Low density
	High loading
	High conductivity
	Low cost