Table 3.
Summary of carbon‐based organic PCMs for TES
| Supporting materials | Type of PCMs | Loading [wt%] | Melting point [°C] | Freezing point [°C] | Melting enthalpy [J g−1] | Freezing enthalpy [J g−1] | Thermal conductivity [W mK−1] | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CNTs | PEG | 96.0 | 61.1 | 38.9 | 92.6 | 92.7 | – | [ 73 ] |
| CNTs array | n‐eicosane | 90.0 | 34.5 | – | 241.0 | – | – | [ 78 ] |
| CNTs sponge | Paraffin | 91.0 | 27.0 | – | 138.2 | – | – | [ 77 ] |
| CNTs sponge | Sebacic acid | 60.0 | 121.1 | 120.7 | 131.8 | 130.2 | 7.27 | [ 75 ] |
| CNTs sponge/polyurethane | Polyurethane | 80.0 | 60.3 | 42.2 | 119.4 | 113.9 | 2.40 | [ 25 ] |
| CNTs‐Cu foam | Paraffin | – | 59.9 | 55.0 | – | – | 3.49 | [ 26 ] |
| CNTs/CFs/epoxy | Paraffin | 19.5 | 45.1 | 33.9 | 36.4 | 36.2 | – | [ 88 ] |
| Carbon fibers (CFs) | Paraffin | 91.2 | 57.0 | 48.8 | 199.4 | 199.2 | 0.77 | [ 15 ] |
| Ethylene‐vinyl acetate/EG‐CFs | Paraffin | – | 49.0 | – | 169.7 | – | – | [ 87 ] |
| Graphene | Paraffin | 97.0 | 60.8 | 49.1 | 200.0 | 197.0 | 0.62 | [ 109 ] |
| Graphene | Paraffin | – | 57.1 | 47.8 | 161.0 | 157.9 | 0.92 | [ 114 ] |
| Graphene | PEG | – | 56.4 | 43.7 | 169.3 | 157.6 | 3.11 | [ 32 ] |
| GO | PEG | 91.0 | 65.3 | 42.6 | 158.2 | 157.5 | 0.48 | [ 99 ] |
| Graphene/Ag | PEG | 92.0 | 60.3 | 36.1 | 166.1 | 167.8 | 0.41 | [ 106 ] |
| Graphene/cellulose | PEG | 97.0 | 61.1 | 37.0 | 182.6 | 177.7 | 1.03 | [ 100 ] |
| GO/BN | PEG | 79.8 | 65.5 | 42.1 | 157.7 | 150.6 | 1.72 | [ 113 ] |
| GO/BN | PEG | 81.4 | 65.7 | 42.2 | 145.9 | 139.3 | 1.84 | [ 115 ] |
| GO/BN | PEG | 72.6 | 64.8 | 42.6 | 143.6 | 136.0 | 1.89 | [ 113 ] |
| GO/graphene/melamine foam | Paraffin | – | 51.6 | 48.8 | 154.1 | 161.7 | 1.46 | [ 98 ] |
| EG | Stearic acid | 94.0 | 53.5 | 53.6 | 163.5 | 167.3 | 2.50 | [ 179 ] |
| EG | MeSA | – | 33.5 | 34.4 | 145.0 | 146.0 | 3.60 | [ 190 ] |
| EG/SiO2 | Hexadecane | 73.3 | 20.1 | 16.1 | 147.6 | 145.1 | – | [ 188 ] |
| EG/HDPE | Paraffin | 60.0 | 56.3 | 37.3 | 90.9 | – | – | [ 176 ] |
| EG/PVB | Palmitic acid | 70.0 | 59.5 | 56.4 | 128.1 | 132.9 | 0.51 | [ 175 ] |
| EG/silicone elastomer | Octadecanol | – | 55.7 | – | 234.1 | – | 1.53 | .[ 187 ] |
| EG/Co3O4 | Stearic acid | – | 69.4 | 68.3 | 192.5 | 192.8 | 2.53 | [ 53 ] |
| EG/OBC | Palmitic acid | 79.2 | 50.7 | – | 197.7 | – | 5.50 | [ 184 ] |
| EG/CaCO3 | Paraffin | – | 48.0 | – | 115.2 | – | 7.20 | [ 174 ] |
| EG/CaCO3 | Paraffin | – | 49.3 | – | 96.8 | – | 10.37 | [ 173 ] |
| Winter melon carbon | Paraffin | 95.0 | 53.5 | 48.3 | 115.2 | 126.9 | – | [ 158 ] |
| Wood carbon | Tetradecanol | – | 36.9 | 37.0 | 119.2 | 104.3 | 0.22 | [ 172 ] |
| Wood carbon | Lauric acid | 81.1 | 41.0 | 38.9 | 177.9 | 178.2 | 0.27 | [ 157 ] |
| Adromischus cooperi carbon | Paraffin | 95.0 | 61.9 | 56.5 | 133.1 | 147.7 | 0.43 | [ 159 ] |
| Corn cob carbon | Lauric‐stearic acid | 77.9 | 35.1 | 29.7 | 148.3 | 144.2 | 0.44 | [ 166 ] |
| Cotton carbon | Hexadecanol | 98.5 | 50.8 | – | 219.4 | – | 0.40 | [ 137 ] |
| Cotton carbon | Paraffin | 95.5 | 57.7 | 49.6 | 209.3 | 207.9 | 0.43 | [ 171 ] |
| Fungi carbon | Stearic acid | 77.5 | 52.7 | 53.0 | 144.8 | 142.6 | 0.86 | [ 168 ] |
| Potato carbon | PEG | 85.4 | 56.5 | 37.9 | 175.6 | 158.5 | 4.50 | [ 161 ] |