Figure 6. Effect of GA on proliferation, apoptosis, and mineralization of MC3T3 cells.

A) Proliferation and B) apoptosis of MC3T3 cells treated with vehicle (DMSO), NGF, or GA was quantified. * p < 0.05 vs. vehicle by one-way ANOVA. C-F) Alizarin red staining of MC3T3 cells cultured in osteogenic media for 3–21 days was quantified and normalized to vehicle at each timepoint. * p < 0.05 vs. vehicle by two-way ANOVA. n = 3–9.