TABLE 4.

Associations between motivations, ceremony characteristics and additional supports and intermediate ayahuasca drinking outcomes.

	Self-insights		SIMO score e		PEQ-S f		Integration difficulties		Extreme fear		Ayahuasca community g
	B (SE)	P =	B (SE)	P =	B (SE)	P =	B (SE)	P =	B (SE)	P =	B (SE)	P =
Covariates
Age (decades)	−0.2 (0.02)	0.000	−1.88 (0.18)	0.000	−0.12 (0.01)	0.000	−0.17 (0.02)	0.000	−0.22 (0.03)	0.000	−0.15 (0.04)	0.001
Female	−0.1 (0.05)	0.078	0.25 (0.42)	0.554	−0.04 (0.03)	0.194	0.23 (0.05)	0.000	0.04 (0.07)	0.575	0.31 (0.1)	0.002
University educ	0.16 (0.05)	0.003	−1.59 (0.43)	0.000	−0.08 (0.03)	0.008	0 (0.05)	0.967	0.15 (0.08)	0.041	−0.01 (0.09)	0.903
Lifetime MH diagnoses a	0.15 (0.03)	0.000	0.41 (0.22)	0.063	0 (0.01)	0.808	0.18 (0.03)	0.000	0.21 (0.04)	0.000	−0.02 (0.05)	0.714
Num drunk b	0.27 (0.01)	0.000	1.27 (0.1)	0.000	0.09 (0.01)	0.000	0.03 (0.01)	0.039	0 (0.02)	0.877	0.61 (0.03)	0.000
Years since drunk c	−0.02 (0.01)	0.019	−0.05 (0.05)	0.359	−0.01 (0)	0.062	−0.01 (0.01)	0.073	0 (0.01)	0.862	−0.07 (0.01)	0.000
Motivations
Therapeutic	0.16 (0.02)	0.000	0.33 (0.19)	0.081	0.03 (0.01)	0.022	0.15 (0.02)	0.000	0.21 (0.03)	0.000	−0.07 (0.04)	0.077
Self-knowledge	0.35 (0.02)	0.000	0.77 (0.18)	0.000	0.07 (0.01)	0.000	−0.01 (0.02)	0.608	0.04 (0.03)	0.196	0.14 (0.04)	0.001
Experiential	0 (0.02)	0.949	0.24 (0.19)	0.214	−0.06 (0.01)	0.000	−0.01 (0.02)	0.742	0 (0.03)	0.916	−0.09 (0.04)	0.038
Ceremony characteristics
Traditional	0.01 (0.03)	0.685	0.33 (0.2)	0.090	0.04 (0.01)	0.008	0.03 (0.03)	0.236	0.18 (0.03)	0.000	−0.16 (0.04)	0.000
Non-traditional	0.1 (0.03)	0.000	0.77 (0.21)	0.000	0.03 (0.02)	0.065	0.09 (0.03)	0.000	0.1 (0.04)	0.007	0.05 (0.04)	0.252
Religious	0.09 (0.07)	0.161	−1.04 (0.53)	0.050	−0.08 (0.04)	0.039	−0.15 (0.07)	0.028	−0.38 (0.09)	0.000	0.5 (0.11)	0.000
Support and safety	0.1 (0.05)	0.050	2.42 (0.42)	0.000	0.19 (0.03)	0.000	−0.13 (0.05)	0.018	−0.29 (0.07)	0.000	0.73 (0.11)	0.000
Traditional countries d	−0.17 (0.1)	0.074	−0.98 (0.78)	0.209	0.02 (0.05)	0.689	0.15 (0.1)	0.138	0.7 (0.14)	0.000	−1.35 (0.17)	0.000
Additional supports
Preparation activities score	0.22 (0.03)	0.000	1.51 (0.25)	0.000	0.06 (0.02)	0.000	−0.14 (0.03)	0.000	−0.01 (0.04)	0.816	0.33 (0.06)	0.000
Religious/spiritual couns	0.48 (0.06)	0.000	0.07 (0.51)	0.889	0.04 (0.04)	0.262	−0.23 (0.06)	0.000	−0.26 (0.09)	0.004	0.4 (0.12)	0.001
Psychologist/psychotherapist	0.2 (0.15)	0.169	−0.49 (1.16)	0.676	0.02 (0.08)	0.844	0.28 (0.15)	0.059	0.26 (0.2)	0.201	−0.02 (0.24)	0.945
Yoga/tai-chi etc	−0.01 (0.09)	0.888	1.71 (0.73)	0.020	0.11 (0.05)	0.027	0 (0.1)	0.986	0.13 (0.13)	0.308	−0.02 (0.15)	0.911
Fasting	0.14 (0.08)	0.082	1.69 (0.64)	0.009	−0.01 (0.05)	0.813	−0.05 (0.08)	0.545	−0.07 (0.11)	0.566	0.19 (0.13)	0.155
Prob > F (n)	p < 0.000 (6,877)		p < 0.000 (6,877)		p < 0.000 (6,877)		p < 0.000 (6,877)		p < 0.000 (6,877)		p < 0.000 (6,877)

^aNumber of lifetime mental health diagnoses.

^bLifetime uses of ayahuasca (categories as per Table 1).

^cNumber of years since last drank ayahuasca.

^dCountries include all Amazonian countries where ayahuasca has been used traditionally by indigenous groups except Brazil (Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, Bolivia and Venezuela).

^eStrength of the mystical experience.

^fSpirituality dimension of the Persisting Effects Questionnaire measuring subjective spiritual experience.

^gDrink ayahuasca with a close community.