Figure 1.

The evolving immune landscape of COVID-19: Baseline characteristics implicated in disease course, and immune-mediated sequelae.

The clinical course of COVID-19 infection may be influenced by the immunologic milieu and the immune-based therapies of patients with pre-existing IMIDs who become infected (left). In addition, the infection itself may influence the clinical course of patients with IMIDs (ie, induce flares) or the development of autoimmune laboratory phenomenon and/or new IMIDs as well as potentially contributing to some post COVID-19 sequelae such as long COVID-19 symptomatology (right).

Abbreviations: IMID, immune-mediated inflammatory disease; MIS-C, multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children.