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. 2021 May 5;21:229. doi: 10.1186/s12872-021-02026-1

Table 4.

SWLS, HADS-A and HADS-D by subgroups in adults with congenital heart disease

Groups Total Men
Median IQR U Z p value Cohen’s d Median IQR U Z p value Cohen’s d
Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS)
 Total 25.0 5.0 – – – – 26.0 4.5 – – – –
(n = 109) (n = 33)
 Age groups
  16–30 26.0 4.0 1226.5 − 0.88 0.379 0.168 26.5 5.25 124.5 − 0.384 0.708 0.132
(n = 39) (n = 18)
  31+ 25.0 5.0 26.0 4.0
(n = 70) (n = 15)
 Marital status
  Married 25.0 5.0 911.5 − 1.865 0.062 0.361 26.5 4.0 96.0 − 1.457 0.157 0.518
(n = 79) (n = 16)
  Unmarried 25.0 6.25 26.0 6.5
(n = 30) (n = 17)
 Educational level
  High school+ 26.0 4.75 1108.5 − 1.7 0.089 0.335 26.5 4.0 79.0 − 0.935 0.373 0.342
(n = 56) (n = 20)
  High school− 25.0 5.0 25.5 8.25
(n = 49) (n = 10)
 Employment status
  Employed 26.0 5.0 779.5 − 2.09 0.037 0.413 27.0 4.0 53.5 − 1.457 0.153 0.536
(n = 79) (n = 24)
  Unemployed/had unstable employment 24.0 7.0 25.0 11.0
(n = 27) (n = 7)
 CHD type
  Simple 25.0 5.0 632.0 − 0.964 0.335 0.184 26.5 4.75 58.0 − 0.609 0.575 0.211
(n = 93) (n = 28)
  Complex/PAH 25.0 4.75 25.0 4.5
(n = 16) (n = 5)
 CHD treatment
  Repaired 26.0 5.0 933.0 − 0.418 0.676 0.08 26.0 2.0 59.5 − 0.533 0.609 0.184
(n = 23) (n = 5)
  Unrepaired/palliative 25.0 5.0 26.5 5.5
(n = 86) (n = 28)
Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Anxiety subscale (HADS-A)
 Total 6.0 7.0 – – – – 4.0 5.0 – – – –
(n = 107) (n = 31)
 Age groups
  16–30 3.5 6.25 824.5 − 3.179 0.001 0.643 3.0 4.5 68.0 − 2.041 0.044 0.781
(n = 38) (n = 17)
  31+ 7.0 5.0 5.5 6.25
(n = 69) (n = 14)
 Marital status
  Married 6.5 6.0 1064.5 − 0.468 0.64 0.09 5.0 5.0 113.0 − 0.279 0.8 0.1
(n = 78) (n = 15)
  Unmarried 4.0 10.0 3.5 5.75
(n = 29) (n = 16)
 Educational level
  High school+ 5.0 5.0 798.5 − 3.44 0.001 0.717 3.0 3.75 23.5 − 2.903 0.003 1.293
(n = 56) (n = 20)
  High school− 9.0 7.0 9.0 9.25
(n = 47) (n = 8)
 Employment status
  Employed 6.0 6.0 655.0 − 2.706 0.007 0.548 3.0 5.0 29.0 − 2.174 0.031 0.873
(n = 78) (n = 23)
  Unemployed/had unstable employment 9.5 7.5 9.5 11.25
(n = 26) (n = 6)
 CHD type
  Simple 6.0 6.75 451.5 − 2.148 0.032 0.423 4.0 5.0 38.5 − 0.921 0.376 0.333
(n = 92) (n = 27)
  Complex/PAH 10.0 7.0 9.0 13.75
(n = 15) (n = 4)
 CHD treatment
  Repaired 6.0 8.25 876.5 − 0.453 0.651 0.087 4.0 10.25 52.5 − 0.089 0.932 0.032
(n = 22) (n = 4)
  Unrepaired/palliative 7.0 7.0 4.0 5.0
(n = 85) (n = 27)
Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Depression subscale (HADS-D)
 Total 5.0 5.0 – – – – 4.0 5.0 – – – –
(n = 109) (n = 33)
 Age groups
  16–30 4.0 4.0 878.0 − 3.096 0.002 0.617 2.5 3.5 69.0 − 2.407 0.016 0.913
(n = 39) (n = 18)
  31+ 6.0 5.25 6.0 4.0
(n = 70) (n = 15)
 Marital status
  Married 5.0 5.0 1144.0 − 0.28 0.78 0.053 5.0 4.75 119.0 − 0.618 0.557 0.214
(n = 79) (n = 16)
  Unmarried 4.0 8.0 3.0 5.5
(n = 30) (n = 17)
 Educational level
  High school+ 4.0 3.0 846.5 − 3.395 0.001 0.698 3.0 2.0 41.0 − 2.622 0.008 1.076
(n = 56) (n = 20)
  High school− 7.0 6.0 7.5 7.25
(n = 49) (n = 10)
 Employment status
  Employed 4.0 4.0 673.0 − 2.87 0.004 0.577 3.0 3.75 43.0 − 1.955 0.054 0.742
(n = 79) (n = 24)
  Unemployed/had unstable employment 8.0 8.0 8.0 11.0
(n = 27) (n = 7)
 CHD type
  Simple 4.0 5.0 489.5 − 2.191 0.028 0.427 3.0 5.0 36.5 − 1.696 0.093 0.612
(n = 93) (n = 28)
  Complex/PAH 7.0 6.0 6.0 9.5
(n = 16) (n = 5)
 CHD treatment
  Repaired 6.0 7.0 796.5 − 1.438 0.151 0.276 3.0 7.0 56.5 0.494 0.509 0.238
(n = 23) (n = 5)
  Unrepaired/palliative 5.0 5.0 4.0 5.0
(n = 86) (n = 28)
Groups Women U* Z* p value* Cohen’s d*
Median IQR U Z p value Cohen’s d
Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS)
 Total 25.0 4.75 – – – – 1075.5 –1.183 0.237 0.227
(n = 76)
 Age groups
  16–30 26.0 3.5 481.5 − 1.12 0.263 0.258 183 − 0.17 0.878 0.054
(n = 21)
  31+ 25.0 5.0 314.0 − 1.417 0.157 0.342
(n = 55)
 Marital status
  Married 25.0 5.0 276.5 − 1.843 0.065 0.431 368.5 − 1.663 0.096 0.379
(n = 63)
  Unmarried 24.0 6.5 83.0 − 1.157 0.263 0.43
(n = 13)
 Educational level
  High school+ 26.0 5.0 595.0 − 1.14 0.254 0.264 312.5 − 0.817 0.414 0.218
(n = 36)
  High school− 24.0 4.0 181.0 − 0.349 0.742 0.099
(n = 39)
 Employment status
  Employed 25.0 5.0 438.0 − 1.348 0.178 0.314 528.5 − 1.41 0.159 0.319
(n = 55)
  Unemployed/had unstable employment 24.0 6.25 69.5 − 0.028 0.978 0.011
(n = 20)
 CHD type
  Simple 25.0 5.0 302.5 − 0.816 0.415 0.187 792.0 − 0.993 0.321 0.206
(n = 65)
  Complex/PAH 24.0 5.0 24.0 0.689 0.743 0.199
(n = 11)
 CHD treatment
  Repaired 25.5 6.0 466.0 − 0.687 0.492 0.157 43.0 − 0.15 0.914 0.062
(n = 18)
  Unrepaired/palliative 25.0 4.0 669.0 − 1.325 0.185 0.287
(n = 58)
Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Anxiety subscale (HADS-A)
 Total 7.0 6.0 – – – 745.5 − 2.982 0.003 0.6
(n = 76)
 Age groups
  16–30 6.0 7.5 440.0 − 1.603 0.109 0.373 113.0 − 1.944 0.056 0.657
(n = 21)
  31+ 8.0 5.0 298.0 − 1.303 0.193 0.316
(n = 55)
 Marital status
  Married 7.0 6.0 317.5 − 1.274 0.203 0.294 306.0 − 2.119 0.034 0.492
(n = 63)
  Unmarried 12.0 12.5 62.5 − 1.835 0.068 0.718
(n = 13)
 Educational level
  High school+ 7.0 7.0 551.0 − 1.607 0.108 0.376 163.5 − 3.38 0.001 1.005
(n = 36)
  High school− 8.0 7.0 155.5 − 0.014 0.989 0.004
(n = 39)
 Employment status
  Employed 7.0 7.0 421.5 − 1.545 0.122 0.361 340.0 − 3.221 0.001 0.779
(n = 55)
  Unemployed/had unstable employment 9.5 6.75 58.5 − 0.092 0.929 0.036
(n = 20)
 CHD type
  Simple 7.0 6.5 242.0 − 1.711 0.087 0.399 540.5 − 2.905 0.004 0.632
(n = 65)
  Complex/PAH 10.0 6.0 21.0 − 0.131 0.949 0.067
(n = 11)
 CHD treatment
  Repaired 6.0 7.5 520.0 − 0.025 0.98 0.006 22.5 − 1.159 0.262 0.505
(n = 18)
  Unrepaired/palliative 7.5 6.0 490.0 − 2.777 0.005 0.629
(n = 58)
Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Depression subscale (HADS-D)
 Total 5.0 5.0 – – – 914.0 − 2.255 0.024 0.555
(n = 76)
 Age groups
  16–30 4.0 4.0 438.0 − 1.631 0.103 0.378 116.5 − 2.064 0.04 0.692
(n = 21)
  31+ 6.0 6.0 377.5 − 0.503 0.615
(n = 55)
 Marital status
  Married 5.0 4.0 307.5 − 1.416 0.157 0.327 420.0 − 1.032 0.302 0.232
(n = 63)
  Unmarried 10.0 10.5 60.5 − 2.104 0.035 0.827
(n = 13)
 Educational level
  High school+ 4.0 3.75 519.5 − 1.948 0.051 0.459 188.0 − 2.975 0.003 0.855
(n = 36)
  High school− 7.0 6.0 191.5 − 0.087 0.932 0.025
(n = 39)
 Employment status
  Employed 4.0 5.0 378.0 − 2.074 0.038 0.49 411.5 − 2.674 0.007 0.624
(n = 55)
  Unemployed/ had unstable employment 8.0 7.5 65.5 − 0.251 0.808 0.096
(n = 20)
 CHD type
  Simple 5.0 5.5 260.5 − 1.441 0.15 0.333 630.5 − 2.355 0.019 0.5
(n = 65)
  Complex/PAH 8.0 6.0 26.0 − 0.172 0.913 0.085
(n = 11)
 CHD treatment
  Repaired 6.5 6.0 433.0 − 1.094 0.274 0.251 31.5 − 1.015 0.325 0.429
(n = 18)
  Unrepaired/palliative 5.0 5.0 610.5 − 1.868 0.062 0.409
(n = 58)

CHD: Congenital heart disease; PAH: Pulmonary artery hypertension; IQR: Interquartile Range; Employed status included stable employment, homemaker, retired, student or other works; Using independent samples Mann–Whitney-U test; Cohen's d is the appropriate effect size measure; *Compared between men and women