Table 1.
Characteristics of study participants in NHANES 1999–2016 according to weight change patterns from age 25 years to 10 years before survey
| Characteristics | Stable non-obesity | Non-obesity to obesity | Obesity to non-obesity | Stable obesity | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Participants | 15,293 (75.2) | 4015 (18.0) | 209 (0.9) | 1254 (5.9) | 20,771 |
| Mean (95% CI) baseline age, yearsa | 43.9 (43.6, 44.1) | 46.9 (46.4, 47.3) | 41.0 (39.7, 42.3) | 41.4 (40.7, 42.1) | 44.2 (44.0, 44.5) |
| Female | 7621 (52.0) | 1965 (47.7) | 83 (40.8) | 598 (44.4) | 10,267 (50.7) |
| Race/ethnicity | |||||
| Mexican American | 2542 (5.6) | 824 (7.0) | 54 (8.4) | 229 (7.4) | 3649 (6.0) |
| Other Hispanic | 1243 (4.5) | 314 (3.6) | 20 (7.8) | 86 (3.6) | 1663 (4.3) |
| Non-Hispanic White | 6854 (73.4) | 1773 (74.4) | 87 (70.5) | 510 (70.5) | 9224 (73.4) |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 3177 (9.7) | 970 (11.4) | 43 (11.8) | 393 (15.6) | 4583 (10.3) |
| Other | 1477 (6.9) | 134 (3.6) | 5 (1.5) | 36 (2.8) | 1652 (6.0) |
| Educationb | |||||
| Less than high school | 4029 (16.0) | 1160 (17.3) | 82 (22.5) | 348 (16.0) | 5619 (16.3) |
| High school or equivalent | 3526 (23.4) | 983 (26.0) | 41 (19.6) | 320 (27.0) | 4870 (24.0) |
| College or above | 7730 (60.6) | 1870 (56.7) | 86 (57.8) | 585 (57.0) | 10,271 (59.7) |
| Family income-poverty ratio levelb | |||||
| 0 ~ 1.3 | 3521 (15.0) | 1017 (17.0) | 75 (28.3) | 359 (19.9) | 4972 (15.8) |
| ~ 1.85 | 1618 (8.0) | 453 (9.4) | 26 (10.2) | 146 (10.7) | 2243 (8.4) |
| ~ 3 | 2448 (16.2) | 727 (19.0) | 32 (14.9) | 219 (17.6) | 3426 (16.8) |
| > 3 | 6362 (60.8) | 1496 (54.6) | 67 (46.6) | 430 (51.7) | 8355 (59.0) |
| Ever smokera | 7286 (48.6) | 1880 (48.4) | 133 (62.5) | 545 (43.3) | 9844 (48.4) |
| Family history of asthma | 1668 (15.7) | 534 (17.6) | 27 (18.0) | 198 (21.2) | 2427 (16.4) |
| Mean (95% CI) body mass index | |||||
| At age 25 years | 22.1 (22.0, 22.2) | 25.0 (24.8, 25.1) | 34.0 (33.2, 34.8) | 34.7 (34.4, 35.1) | 23.5 (23.4, 23.6) |
| At 10 years before survey | 24.6 (24.5, 24.6) | 34.0 (33.8, 34.1) | 27.0 (26.5, 27.5) | 38.8 (38.3, 39.3) | 27.1 (27.0, 27.3) |
| Mean (95% CI) absolute weight change, kg | 6.2 (6.1, 6.4) | 23.5 (22.9, 24.1) | − 19.1 (− 22.2, − 16.0) | 10.5 (9.1, 11.9) | 9.4 (9.1, 9.6) |
All estimates accounted for complex survey designs
aAt start of follow-up
bAt end of follow-up