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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 May 5.
Published in final edited form as: ACS Sens. 2019 Dec 13;4(12):3227–3233. doi: 10.1021/acssensors.9b01703

Figure 5.

Figure 5.

E-AB sensors can fully support the strip-based technology demonstrating all of their potentials to perform at-home measurements. (A) We used screen-printed electrodes to fabricate our sensors. Specifically, the working (4 mm diameter) electrode is made of gold, the counter electrode is made of carbon, and the reference electrode is made of silver. The small dimensions of these sensors allow us to measure phenylalanine concentrations using a total volume of 100 μL and only 0.1 μL of the blood sample (less of a blood finger prick). (B) Testing our sensor in diluted human blood (1:1000), we can detect phenylalanine in its clinical range with a maximum signal gain of −49.7 ± 2.4% and an estimated KD of 0.4 ± 0.1 μM. Again, our E-AB sensors fabricated using screen-printed electrodes maintain a nonresponsive frequency at 100 Hz.