Figure 1.

Elevated YAP steady state protein levels are detected in the oral mucosa of patients with PV. Twenty-five PV cases and six healthy individual controls were analyzed by immunohistochemistry for YAP. Positivity of YAP staining with increased nuclear (arrowheads) and cytoplasmic (arrows) signals was detected in cells surrounding the blisters (13 cases) and perilesional regions (2 cases) in 15 PV patients, whereas the healthy control samples (Norm Ct) showed little or no staining. Asterisks indicate the locations of blisters. Oral cancer was used as a positive control here that showed increased YAP in both the nuclei and cytoplasm. Chi-Square statistic was used to obtain the p-value for comparison between PV and healthy control groups, shown in the table. Scale bars are displayed in the images.