Table 2.

Descriptive statistics and changes of RIC and county-level predictors

Variables	25th percentile	50th percentile	75th percentile	IQR	p-value
Number of county	12	23	35	–
RIC rate (%)					0.579
2010	12 (52.24)	23 (55.23)	34 (58.82)	6.59
2012	11 (52.67)	23 (57.75)	35 (60.83)	8.15
2014	12 (51.43)	23 (55.20)	35 (60.87)	9.44
2016	12 (51.59)	24 (54.40)	34 (58.82)	7.24
Predictors
Compositional factors
Population density (per square mile)					1.000
2010	48.82	80.51	166.63	120.81
2014	45.61	80.20	172.58	126.97
Male (%)					0.999
2010	48.25	48.58	49.58	1.33
2014	47.85	48.57	49.26	1.41
Age (≥18, %)					<0.001***
2010	75.12	76.23	76.95	1.83
2014	76.08	77.28	78.81	2.73
Living alone (%)					0.318
2010	25.89	27.22	29.90	4.01
2014	26.32	27.66	29.59	3.27
Black (%)					1.000
2010	24.99	33.51	47.42	22.43
2014	24.76	33.04	46.48	21.72
Public assistance (%)					0.075
2010	1.36	1.58	2.04	0.68
2014	1.27	1.65	2.06	0.79
Poverty (%)					0.057
2010	14.21	17.31	19.55	5.34
2014	16.60	20.39	22.90	6.30
Wealth (%)					0.954
2010	0.71	1.58	2.24	1.53
2014	1.07	1.55	2.30	1.23
Median income ($)					0.959
2010	33,066	38,588	42,871	9,805
2014	33,615	38,609.5	43,203	9,588
Low income (%)					0.850
2010	29.13	32.67	39.29	10.16
2014	28.63	32.41	37.98	9.35
High income (%)					0.360
2010	0.72	1.26	2.05	1.33
2014	0.97	1.52	2.39	1.42
Low education (%)					0.038*
2010	17.39	21.74	24.68	7.29
2014	15.32	19.33	21.84	6.52
High education (%)					0.877
2010	12.88	16.52	21.81	8.93
2014	13.03	18.06	22.41	9.38
Unemployment (%)					<0.001***
2010	8.88	10.47	12.92	4.04
2014	10.35	11.97	14.03	3.68
Low working class (%)					0.899
2010	67.47	70.00	74.12	6.65
2014	66.17	70.05	72.84	6.67
No health insurance coverage‡ (%)					<0.001***
2012	15.50	16.95	18.70	3.20
2014	15.17	16.34	18.26	3.09
Contextual factors
Vacant houses (%)					1.000
2010	12.79	16.67	20.69	7.90
2014	13.30	16.45	20.78	7.48
Transportation accessibility (%)					0.968
2010	6.52	8.52	10.32	3.80
2014	6.30	8.04	10.01	3.71
Crowding (%)					0.856
2010	1.44	1.76	2.56	1.12
2014	1.54	1.89	2.49	0.95
Rental house (%)					0.929
2010	25.56	27.27	31.54	5.98
2014	25.81	28.89	31.74	5.93
Gini index					0.294
2010	0.44	0.46	0.47	0.03
2014	0.45	0.46	0.48	0.03
Primary care provider rate (per 100,000 people)					<0.001***
2010	61.69	78.76	105.93	44.23
2014	35.78	48.12	58.93	23.15
Accessible health facilities† (n)
Ryan White HIV centers	1	1	3	2	–
Mental health centers	3	3	4	1	–
Collective factors
Violent crime (%)					0.015*
2010	0.41	0.49	0.65	0.24
2014	0.31	0.41	0.50	0.19
Non-violent crime (%)					0.062
2010	3.17	3.75	4.62	1.45
2014	2.75	3.32	3.90	1.15
Adherents† (%)	41.20	53.55	59.40	18.20	–
Family unity†	−1.81	−1.16	−0.51	1.30	–
Community health†	−0.79	−0.55	−0.31	0.48	–
Institutional health†	−0.05	0.25	0.38	0.43	–
Collective efficacy†	406.7	503.0	629.2	222.5	–

Note:

^*: p<0.05

^***:p<0.001

RIC: Retention in care; IQR: Interquartile range

^‡: Variable was only available since 2012

^†: Variables were only available in one-year and used as constant during the analysis.