Table 3.

Factors associated with retention in care status across the counties in South Carolina: LASSO-based predictor selection from multiple datasets

Predictors	Crude OR	Adjusted OR
Compositional factors
Year (linear trend)	1.90 (0.95~3.77)	N/A
Year*Year (quadratic trend)	0.91 (0.83~0.99)*	N/A
Population density	0.06 (0.00~2.09)	1.01 (1.00~1.01)
Male	0.50 (0.01~20.14)	0.05 (0.01~0.47)**
Age	0.10 (0.00~6.71)	N/A
Living alone	0.78 (0.07~8.70)	0.20 (0.01~3.20)
Black	1.03 (0.99~1.08)	0.56 (0.02~14.85)
Public assistance	1.28 (0.12~13.46)	0.19 (0.02~1.49)
Poverty	0.81 (0.02~38.34)	N/A
Wealth	0.02 (0.00~3.14)	1.19 (0.95~1.50)
Median income	0.02 (0.01~0.69)*	1.00 (0.99~1.00)
Low income	1.09 (0.99~1.19)	0.88 (0.70~1.10)
High income	0.01 (0.00~0.39)*	1.06 (0.47~2.35)
Low education	1.13 (1.00~1.28)***	0.38 (0.01~26.82)
High education	0.85 (0.76~0.96)**	0.71 (0.58~0.87)**
Unemployment	1.15 (0.98~1.34)	1.12 (0.94~1.32)
Low working class	1.12 (0.98~1.28)	0.05 (0.00~3.27)
No health insurance coverage	2.76 (0.21~36.26)	0.10 (0.01~1.40)
Contextual factors
Vacant house	1.31 (0.04~42.98)	N/A
Transportation	1.21 (0.98~1.49)	1.14 (0.84~1.55)
Crowding	0.30 (0.03–3.68)	0.89 (0.09~9.25)
Rental house	0.30 (0.01~6.55)	N/A
Gini index	0.46 (0.01~16.60)	N/A
Primary care provider rate	0.25 (0.01~11.43)	N/A
Accessible Ryan White HIV care centers	0.20 (0.02~2.62)	0.28 (0.06~1.42)
Accessible mental health centers	1.69 (0.95~3.02)	2.00 (1.37~2.91)***
Collective factors
Violent crime	1.61 (0.93~2.79)	N/A
Non-violent crime	3.59 (0.35~37.31)	N/A
Adherents	1.04 (0.97~1.12)	N/A
Family unity	0.04 (0.00~0.68)*	0.06 (0.00~1.23)
Community health	0.56 (0.15~2.04)	0.33 (0.00~25.94)
Institution health	2.36 (0.154~36.18)	2.10 (0.31~14.29)
Collective efficacy	1.19 (0.03~46.10)	0.04 (0.01~0.36)**

Notes:

OR: Odds ratio. N/A: Variables were not selected by the LASSO penalty in multivariate analysis.

^*: p<0.05

^**: p<0.01

^***: p<0.001.