micro-CT pictures showing the bone regeneration ability of various groups. (a–e) Four weeks postsurgery, (f–j) 8 weeks postsurgery; arrows represent the defect area, (a) defect, (b) PM, (c) PM/BMP2, (d) PM/GMSCs, (e) PM/dGMSCs/BMP2, (f) defect, (g) PM, (h) PM/BMP2, (i) PM/dGMSCs, and (j) PM/dGMSCS/BMP2. There was no spontaneous healing in the defect group (a) either at 4 or 8 weeks. All other groups showed bone healing. PM/dGMSCs/BMP2 group (j) filled the bone volume completely at 8 weeks. PM, Puramatrix™; BMP2, bone morphogenetic protein 2; dGMSC, predifferentiated GMSC.