Table 1. Demographic characteristics of the study participants.
| Characteristic | Total (N = 114) |
| School year, No. (%) | |
| Freshman | 12 (10.5) |
| Sophomore | 26 (22.8) |
| Junior | 37 (32.5) |
| Senior | 35 (30.7) |
| Super senior or fifth year | 4 (3.5) |
| Sex, No. (%) | |
| Female | 94 (82.5) |
| Male | 20 (17.5) |
| Previous diagnosis of depression or anxiety, No. (%) | |
| Never | 79 (69.3) |
| Both | 16 (14.0) |
| Anxiety | 15 (13.2) |
| Depression | 2 (1.8) |
| Missing | 2 (1.8) |
| Source of caffeine, No. (%) | |
| Coffee | 73 (64.0) |
| Tea | 17 (14.9) |
| Soda | 12 (10.5) |
| Other | 9 (7.9) |
| Missing | 3 (2.6) |
| Reason for caffeine consumption, No. (%) | |
| To stay awake in class | 14 (12.3) |
| Studying/homework (e.g., outside of class) | 34 (29.8) |
| For pleasure or enjoyment | 50 (43.9) |
| Other | 14 (12.3) |
| Missing | 2 (1.8) |
| Grade point average, No. (%) | |
| <3.0 | 8 (7.0) |
| 3.0-3.4 | 28 (24.6) |
| 3.5-4.0 | 75 (65.8) |
| Missing | 3 (2.6) |