Table 1. Detailed characteristics of observations included in the meta-analysis.
| Region | First Author | Year of Publication | Country | Income | na | Age | Typing Method |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Africa | Georges-Courbot [53] | 1986 | Central African Republic | Lowb | 113 | Pediatric | PHAc |
| Lastovica [54] | 1986 | South Africa | Middleb | 258 | Pediatric | PHA | |
| Lastovica [55] | 1986 | South Africa | Middleb | 23 | Pediatric | PHA | |
| Mølbak [56] | 1988 | Liberia | Lowb | 22 | Pediatric | PHA | |
| Georges-Courbot [57] | 1989 | Central African Republic | Lowb | 209 | Pediatric | PHA | |
| Asrat [58] | 1997 | Ethiopia | Lowb | 56 | Mixed | PHA | |
| Smith [59] | 1997 | Nigeria | Low | 29 | Pediatric | PHA | |
| Smith [60] | 1998 | Nigeria | Low | 20 | Not Specified | PHA | |
| Smith [61] | 2000 | Nigeria | Low | 29 | Not Specified | PHA | |
| Smith [62] | 2000 | Nigeria | Low | 21 | Not Specified | PHA | |
| Wierzba [63] | 2008 | Egypt | Middle | 21 | Pediatric | PHA | |
| Sainato [64] | 2017 | Egypt | Middle | 272 | Pediatric | mPCR | |
| Americas | Sjögren [65] | 1989 | Mexico | Middleb | 136 | Pediatric | PHA |
| Nachamkin [66] | 2007 | Mexico | Middle | 44 | Pediatric | PHA | |
| Neitenbach [67] | 2019 | Peru | Middle | 352 | Pediatric | mPCR | |
| Rojasd [68] | 2019 | Peru | Middle | 184 | Pediatric | mPCR | |
| Rojasd [68] | 2019 | Peru | Middle | 270 | Pediatric | mPCR | |
| Asia | Neogi [69] | 1987 | Bangladesh | Lowb | 102 | Mixed | PHA |
| Tay [70] | 1995 | Malaysia | Middle | 26 | Mixed | PHA | |
| Nishimura [71] | 1996 | China | Low | 85 | Not Specified | PHA | |
| Li [72] | 2001 | China | Low | 90 | Mixed | PHA | |
| Prasad [73] | 2002 | India | Low | 23 | Mixed | PHA | |
| Boonmar [74] | 2005 | Thailand | Middle | 50 | Pediatric | Commercial Kit | |
| Boonmar [75] | 2007 | Thailand | Middle | 70 | Not Specified | Commercial Kit | |
| Islame [76] | 2009 | Bangladesh | Low | 39 | Not Specified | PHA | |
| Polyf [77] | 2015 | Thailand | Middle | 263 | Adult | mPCR | |
| Polyf [77] | 2015 | Thailand | Middle | 51 | Adult | mPCR | |
| Poly [77] | 2015 | Thailand | Middle | 515 | Mixed | mPCR | |
| Poly [77] | 2015 | Nepal | Low | 46 | Adult | mPCR | |
| Poly [77] | 2015 | Nepal | Low | 96 | Mixed | mPCR | |
| Poly [77] | 2015 | Cambodia | Low | 25 | Pediatric | mPCR | |
| Islam [78] | 2017 | Bangladesh | Low | 367 | Pediatric | mPCR | |
| Europe | Annan-Prah [79] | 1988 | Yugoslavia | Middle | 55 | Not Specified | PHA |
| Varga [80] | 1990 | Hungary | Middleb | 37 | Pediatric | PHA | |
| Varga [81] | 1998 | Hungary | Middle | 101 | Mixed | PHA | |
| Steinhauserová [82] | 1999 | Czech Republic | Middle | 88 | Mixed | PHA | |
| Chatzipanagiotoug [83] | 2003 | Greece | Middle | 31 | Pediatric | Commercial Kit | |
| Sonnevend [84] | 2006 | Hungary | Middle | 92 | Not Specified | Commercial Kit | |
| Grozdanova [85] | 2011 | North Macedonia | Middle | 21 | Not Specified | Commercial Kit | |
| Miljkovic-Selimovic [86] | 2011 | Serbia | Middle | 29 | Not Specified | PHA | |
| Trajkovska-Dokic [87] | 2011 | North Macedonia | Middle | 26 | Pediatric | Commercial Kit | |
| Trajkovska-Dokich [88] | 2016 | North Macedonia | Middle | 21 | Mixed | Commercial Kit | |
| Trajkovska-Dokich [88] | 2016 | North Macedonia | Middle | 26 | Mixed | Commercial Kit |
a Total C. jejuni isolates. C. coli and other isolates are not included in this analysis.
b Income data for year of first sample collection not available until 1987; 1987 classification used.
c Passive hemagglutination technique originally described by Penner and Hennesy [37].
d Paper includes a rural (n = 184) and urban (n = 270) cohort.
e Paper includes GBS and enteritis patients; only enteritis isolates used.
f Includes both an adult military (n = 263) and adult traveler (n = 51) cohort.
g Paper includes a 1987 and 1997 cohort. Only 1987 cohort used.
h Paper includes a 2010 (n = 21) and 2015 (n = 26) cohort.