. 2021 Apr 21;12:531325. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.531325

TABLE 1.

Effect of herbal ingredients on anti-apoptosis related pathway molecular (excepted those mentioned in the text).

Herbal medicine	Effects	Related targets	Endotoxemia related indications	References
Punicalagin (PNG)	Anti-apoptosis, nephroprotection, anti-inflammation, anti-oxidant	↓: Serum Cr, NGAL, KIM-1, IL-18, TNF-α, IL-6; MDA, NO, MPO, iNOS. Bax/Bcl2, caspase-3/-8/-9	Sepsis complication of acute kidney injury	Fouad et al. (2016)
Thaliporphine	Anti-inflammation, anti-apoptosis; radioprotection	↓: p38/NF-κB pathway; TNF-a, caspase 3, serum cTnI, LDH, Reverse steeper EDPVR, Gentler ESPVR	Cardiac depression	Lee et al. (2010)
Thaliporphine	Anti-inflammation, anti-apoptosis; radioprotection	↑: PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway	Cardiac depression	Lee et al. (2010)
Apocynin	Hepatocyte protection, anti-apoptosis, anti-oxidation	↓: Hydroperoxides, MDA, SOD, NADPH, POX	Endotoxemia	Ben et al. (2000)
Apocynin	Hepatocyte protection, anti-apoptosis, anti-oxidation	↑: CAT, SOD, G-POX	Endotoxemia	Ben et al. (2000)
Stevioside	Anti-apoptosis, anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, immunoregulation	↓: SOD, CAT, GSH, MDA, NO, DPPH; TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6	Acute liver injury	Latha et al. (2017)
Stevioside		↑: AST, ALT	Acute liver injury	Latha et al. (2017)
Soybean oil, olive oil	Anti-inflammation, immunoregulation	↓: Mitochondrial pathway, Apoptosis of lymphocyte, Caspase-8, Bax, Bcl-xl, caspase-3, TNF-α, IL-6	Sepsis complications of acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome	Bi et al. (2010)
Soybean oil, olive oil	Anti-inflammation, immunoregulation	↑: PI3K/Akt phosphorylation		Bi et al. (2010)
Cordyceps sinensis	Anti-apoptosis, anti-inflammation, immunoregulation	↓: NF-κB, TNF-α, AST, NO, AST, caspase-3/-6, PARP	Sepsisshock complication of hepaticdysfunction	Chen and Wu. (2014)
Cordyceps sinensis	Anti-apoptosis, anti-inflammation, immunoregulation	↑: Phosphorylation of MAPK (ERK1/2), SOD, IL-10	Sepsisshock complication of hepaticdysfunction	Chen and Wu. (2014)
Garlic	Anti-inflammation, pro-apoptosis, immunoregulation, anti-platelet, anti-hypertension, antioxidation	↓: TNF-a, IL-6	Preeclampsia	Makris et al. (2005)
Garlic		↑: IL-10, sTRAIL/Apo-2L	Preeclampsia	Makris et al. (2005)
Salvia miltiorrhizae	Improve microcirculation, anti-inflammation, antioxidation, anti-apoptosis, mucosal protection, macrophage protection	↓: p65NF-κB, PLA2, Bax	Severe acute pancreatitis; obstructive jaundice	Zhang et al. (2009)
Sophocarpine	Anti-inflammation, anti-apoptosis, antioxidation	↓: p38/JNK, NF-κB, PI3K/AKT, Bcl-xl, H₂O₂, O₂, NO, CYP2E/NRF2, CYPE2, ROS, ALT, ALT, ALP, AST, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, Cyto-C, Apaf1, caspase-9/-3	Septicliver injury	Zheng et al. (2018)
Sophocarpine	Anti-inflammation, anti-apoptosis, antioxidation	↑: SOD, CAT, GSH, SOD1, Nrf2	Septicliver injury	Zheng et al. (2018)
Astragalusroot	Cytoprotection, anti-apoptosis, immunoregulation	↓: ROS, caspase-3, p53, mitochondrial membrane depolarization	Endotoxemia	Wu et al. (2019)
Astragalusroot	Cytoprotection, anti-apoptosis, immunoregulation	↑: Bcl2	Endotoxemia	Wu et al. (2019)
Astragalin	Antioxidation, anti-apoptosis, anti-inflammation, antianaphylaxis	↓: NF-κB, MAPK, TLR4, JNK pathways; eotaxin-1, ROS, caspase-3, NADPH, PLCγ1-PKCβ2-NADPH	Allergic airway diseases; peribronchial eosinophilia	Cho et al. (2014)
Astragalin		↑: Akt, ERK	Allergic airway diseases; peribronchial eosinophilia	Cho et al. (2014)
Matrine	Anti-inflammation, antioxidation, anti-fibrosis, antiviral	↓: NF-κB, MIP-2, MPO, MDA, TNF- α, IL-6, IL-8, ALT, AST, LDH, ALP, NO, sICAM-1, caspase-3	Acute liver injury, Hepaticischemia	Zhang et al. (2011)
Green teapolyphenols, catechins, flavandiols, flavanols, phenolicacids	Anti-apoptosis, geno protective, antioxidation	↓: AST, ALT, TB, ALB, NO	Liver damage	Allam et al. (2017)
	Anti-apoptosis, geno protective, antioxidation	↑: TAC	Liver damage	Allam et al. (2017)
Siniinjection	Anti-apoptosis	↓: MABP, iNOS, PI, IL-6, IL-18, ET-1, NO	Septic shock	Pei et al. (2013)
12-O-Tetradecanoyl-phorbol 13-Acetate (TPA)	Anti-apoptosis	↓: NF-κB	Endotoxemia	Sunil et al. (2002)
12-O-Tetradecanoyl-phorbol 13-Acetate (TPA)	Anti-apoptosis	↑: C/EBP, p38 MAPK	Endotoxemia	Sunil et al. (2002)
Strawberry	Anti-inflammation, antioxidation, anti-apoptosis	↓: NF-κB, NO, iNOS, CAT, SOD, ROS, Caspase 3, PiκBα, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6	Human dermalfibroblast	Gasparrin et al. (2018)
Strawberry	Anti-inflammation, antioxidation, anti-apoptosis	↑: pAMPK, SIRT1463, PGC1α, GPX, GR, GST, IL-10, Nrf2-AMPK	Inflammationliver injury
Betulinicacidderivative BA5	Immunoregulation	↓: NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-17A, IFN-γ, NO, Activated LY, CD4⁺ Tcellcalcineurin activity	Delayed hypersensitivity	Meira et al. (2017)
Garlic oildiallyldisulfide diallyl trisulfide	Anti-inflammation, antioxidation, anti-apoptosis	↓: nitrate/nitrite	Intestinaldamage	Chiang et al. (2006)
Rubiaceae-typecyclo-peptide (RA-V)	Anti-inflammation	↓: NF-κB, NO, IL-8, IL-6, MCP-1, P-p65, P-IκBα	Septic shock	Wang et al. (2018)
Rubiaceae-typecyclo-peptide (RA-V)	Anti-inflammation	↓: PI3K/AKT, TAK1 + TAB2	Septic shock	Wang et al. (2018)
Cinnamaldehyde (CA) Linalool (LIN)	Anti-inflammation	↓: NF-κB, TLR4/MD2, MyD88, NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-18, nitrate/nitrite, IFN-γ, HMGB-1	Endotoxemia	Lee et al. (2018)
Gryllusbimaculatus Extracts (GBE)	Anti-apoptosis, anti-inflammation, antioxidation	↓: ROS, NO, IL-6, TNF-α, TG, TLR4, P-JNK, P-p38, OHdG, p-MLCK, p-ROCK, p-srcFK	Alcoholic liver diseases	Hwang et al. (2019)
Gryllusbimaculatus Extracts (GBE)	Anti-apoptosis, anti-inflammation, antioxidation		Intestinal inflammation	Hwang et al. (2019)
Scytonemin	Antiproliferative	↓: cdc25C, p-cdc25C, Cell cycleregulatory kinases, GST-PLK, GST-Tie2, Protein kinase A, Protein kinase Cβ2, CDK1/cyclin B, GST-Myt1, GST-checkpoint kinase 1, GST-polo-like kinase 1	Endotoxemia	Stevensonet al. (2002)