Table 3.

Circulating ncRNA candidates for NSCLC diagnosis.

NcRNA	Description	Clinical trials
tRNA-derived small RNA (tsRNA)	NcRNAs generated from precursor or mature tRNAs	Not in clinical trial
Piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA)	NcRNA that are 23 to 32 nt in length and generated through a non-Dicer pathway from a single stranded RNA	Not in clinical trial
Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)	More than 200 nt and does not have an open reading frame (ORF)	NCT03830619
Pseudogenes	NcRNA that have nucleotide sequence that is similar to another gene but defective	Not in clinical trial
Circular RNA (circRNA)	NcRNA with closed loops instead of being a linear form. Known to sequestering miRNA.	Not in clinical trial