Fig. 6. Design, experiment, and simulation of different morphing pasta shapes before and after cooking.

(A) Pasta shapes with zero Gaussian curvatures consisting of groups of straight parallel lines. (B) Pasta shapes with zero Gaussian curvatures consisting of groups of straight radial lines. (C) Pasta shapes with nonzero Gaussian curvatures consisting of straight parallel lines that are on the opposite side of the substrate and overlap one another. Scale bars, 10 mm.