Table 3.

Clinical evidence about the antioxidative potentials of GLP-1RA and DPP-4i.

Treatment	Population of study	Effects	Ref.
Exenatide	69 patients with T2DM	Reduced oxidative markers as MDA and oxLDL	[110]
GLP-1	15 patients with T1DM	Restored oxidative stress in endothelial cells, improved endothelial function	[12]
Liraglutide	64 patients with T2DM	Provided cardioprotective effects via attenuating oxidative stress	[111]
GLP-1	60 patients with T2DM	Improved the palmitate-induced oxidative damages in cardiomyocytes	[113]
Liraglutide	20 patients with T2DM	Declined oxidative markers and free radical generation	[112]