Table 2.
Estimates for mobility ratio over the COVID-19 course (March 8 to August 7th): US county level analysis.
| Variable | Analytic sample additive | Analytic sample interactive | Hotspot sample additive | Hotspot sample interactive |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time function | ||||
| linear | −0.007⁎⁎⁎ | −0.007⁎⁎⁎ | −0.007⁎⁎⁎ | −0.006⁎⁎⁎ |
| quadratic | 0.030⁎⁎⁎ | 0.030⁎⁎⁎ | 0.029⁎⁎⁎ | 0.029⁎⁎⁎ |
| cubic | −0.088⁎⁎⁎ | −0.088⁎⁎⁎ | −0.085⁎⁎⁎ | −0.084⁎⁎⁎ |
| Base mobility | −0.008⁎⁎⁎ | −0.008⁎⁎⁎ | −0.007* | −0.007* |
| Racial segregation | ||||
| Black-White Dissimilarity index | −0.104⁎⁎ | −0.141⁎⁎⁎ | −0.220* | 0.110 |
| *Stay-at-home | −0.213⁎⁎⁎ | −0.425⁎⁎⁎ | ||
| *Reopen | 0.154⁎⁎⁎ | −0.359⁎⁎⁎ | ||
| State policy | ||||
| Stay-at-home | −0.185⁎⁎⁎ | −0.082⁎⁎⁎ | −0.226⁎⁎⁎ | −0.040 |
| Reopen | −0.048⁎⁎⁎ | −0.114⁎⁎⁎ | −0.048⁎⁎ | 0.098⁎⁎⁎ |
| Geographic | ||||
| Metropolitan | −0.103⁎⁎⁎ | −0.103⁎⁎⁎ | −0.142⁎⁎⁎ | −0.143⁎⁎⁎ |
| Midwest | 0.154⁎⁎⁎ | 0.152⁎⁎⁎ | 0.338⁎⁎⁎ | 0.342⁎⁎⁎ |
| South | 0.134⁎⁎⁎ | 0.129⁎⁎⁎ | 0.285⁎⁎⁎ | 0.289⁎⁎⁎ |
| West | 0.164⁎⁎⁎ | 0.161⁎⁎⁎ | 0.097 | 0.097 |
| Demographic | ||||
| Prop. Black | −0.038 | −0.032 | −0.112 | −0.113 |
| Prop. Hispanic | −0.297⁎⁎⁎ | −0.297⁎⁎⁎ | 0.070 | 0.069 |
| Prop. Asian | −1.352⁎⁎⁎ | −1.346⁎⁎⁎ | −1.082⁎⁎ | −1.075⁎⁎ |
| Pop. Density (in 1000) | −0.019⁎⁎ | −0.018⁎⁎ | −0.007 | −0.007 |
| SES | ||||
| Vulnerability index | 0.170⁎⁎⁎ | 0.175⁎⁎⁎ | −0.149 | −0.153 |
| Unemployment (1-month lagged)a | 0.009⁎⁎⁎ | 0.008⁎⁎⁎ | 0.002* | 0.002⁎⁎⁎ |
| Constant | 1.025⁎⁎⁎ | 1.041⁎⁎⁎ | 1.198⁎⁎⁎ | 1.044⁎⁎⁎ |
| No. county-days | 296,901 | 296,901 | 20,201 | 20,201 |
| No. counties | 1972 | 1972 | 135 | 135 |
| chi2(df) | 120,222(17) | 122,856(29) | 11,159(17) | 11,323(19) |
Notes:
this is the one-month lagged time-varying unemployment rates at the county level.
Black-White Dissimilarity index is a measure of the evenness within counties Black and White residents are distributed across Census tracts. The index is only available for counties with a population having at least 100 Black people.
Mobility ratio is the median daily travel distance normalized by a baseline in order to capture the change of mobility levels over the pandemic course. It is calculated as the ratio of daily M50 from March 8 to August 7 relative to the baseline, the average of daily M50 between March 1 and March 7, obtained from mobile device locations by Descartes Labs.
Data:
Hopkins Population Center COVID-19 Data Hub.
* p < .05, ** p < .01, *** p < .001.