Figure 1.

CMS classification of colorectal cancer: Major characteristics of consensus molecular subtypes in CRC. Each group is elaborated with its special features and clinical significance. Currently, CRC is subdivided in to four primary major classes and one mixed subtype. CMS 1 tumor display a higher percentage of MSI, hypermethylation, and hypermutation, and associated with improved survival. CMS2; These contributes to larger subset of subtypes approximately 37% of all tumor subtypes. These tumors have SCNA high, microsatellite stable, activated WNT & Myc pathway and elevated EGFR with mutated TP53 gene. CMS 3 tumors harbors high mutation in KRAS gene and KRAS mutation is highly heterogenous at the gene expression level and having epithelial characteristics. CMS 4 has a high CpG methylator phenotype with strong stromal infiltration, upregulated angiogenic features and hyperactivated TGF-beta.