Fig. 2.

Early and late microbiome of Mars500 astronauts. A) Comparison of alpha diversity indices (Shannon and Inverse Simpson), B) Canonical analysis of principal coordinates (CAP; MDS = multidimensional scaling) of normalised (rlog) ESV abundance of astronaut samples, and C) Differentially abundant ESVs between the early and late samples (n = 6 astronauts). Fold change (FC log₂) in relative abundance of significantly different (DESeq2 [38]) ESVs between early and late samples. +/− INF (demarcated by the dashed red line) indicates ‘infinite’ fold change, where an ESV had detectable counts in samples from only one condition. The complete ESV table including relative abundance, annotation, count distribution, blast statistics, alternative database hits, and sequences is provided in Supplementary file 1. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)