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. 2021 Feb 19;128(4):395–404. doi: 10.1007/s00702-021-02314-2

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© The Author(s) 2021, corrected publication 2021

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Fig. 4 — Etiology (Axis II) (adapted from Albanese et al. 2013). The etiological axis is subdivided into the contribution of the nervous system and the presence of genetic or acquired origin leading to development of dystonia. As an example, an etiological description of a dystonia case can be ‘evidence of degeneration’ and an ‘X-linked recessive inheritance pattern’, as it the case for X-linked dystonia parkinsonism (DYT/PARK-TAF1)