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. 2021 May 5;11:9537. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-88787-3

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Diagram demonstrating the construction of an extension part of the endotracheal tube to monitor the respiratory gas temperature at the centre and the wall part of the tube. An extension part of the endotracheal tube was constructed by attaching two ultra-fast-response thermocouples [1.6 mm (T_{tube_centre}) and 0.5 mm (T_{tube_wall})] from the endotracheal tube wall toward the centre of the endotracheal tube (a,b). This extension part was inserted between the distal and proximal parts of the endotracheal tube at the level of the mouth (c,d). T_{tube_centre} temperature at the centre of the endotracheal tube; and T_{tube_wall} temperature at the wall surface of the endotracheal tube.