Figure 1.

Whole CS activates Ca²⁺ influx in hASMC. (A, C) Representative Ca²⁺ imaging traces from separate experiments tracking changes in [Ca²⁺]_i following puffing one whole cigarette with or without extracellular Ca²⁺ (A), or with or without 10-min pre-treatment with 500 µM Gd³⁺, which was also present throughout the experiment (C). (B,D) Summary of amplitude and rate of [Ca²⁺]_i changes corresponding to experiments in (A,C), respectively, presented as mean ± SEM. One-way ANOVA with Holm-Sidak’s multiple comparisons test was performed amongst the 3 groups (B; 4 independent donors; n = 7–25); unpaired t-test was performed between the control group and the Gd³⁺-treated group (D; 3 independent donors; n = 6–11). * = p < 0.05. Control in (C,D) refers to CS exposure without Gd³⁺ pre-treatment.