Table 1.
Demographic characteristics and COVID-19 concerns of groups of individuals who lost or did not lose their primary employment due to the pandemic.
| Characteristics | Total sample | COVID-19 job loss | No job loss | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (N = 1,013) | (N = 176) | (N = 837) | ||
| *Age—yr | 36.74 ± 12.09 | 34.80 ± 10.43 | 37.14 ± 12.38 | 0.009 |
| *Female sex—no. (%) | 567 (56.4) | 110 (62.9) | 457 (55.0) | n.s. |
| *Education—yr | 15.0 ± 2.1 | 14.6 ± 2.0 | 15.1 ± 2.1 | 0.004† |
| *Ethnicity—no. (%) | n.s. | |||
| White | 776 (76.6) | 139 (79.0) | 637 (76.1) | |
| Black/African American | 99 (9.8) | 19 (10.8) | 80 (9.6) | |
| Hispanic/Latino | 43 (4.2) | 5 (2.8) | 38 (4.5) | |
| Asian | 66 (6.5) | 8 (4.5) | 58 (6.9) | |
| Native American/American Indian/Alaska Native | 5 (0.5) | 1 (0.6) | 4 (0.5) | |
| Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander | 1 (0.1) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.1) | |
| Other | 21 (2.1) | 4 (2.3) | 17 (2.0) | |
| Prefer not to answer | 2 (0.2) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (0.2) | |
| *Income—no. (%) | 0.013 | |||
| ≤ $10,000 | 50 (4.9) | 10 (5.7) | 40 (4.8) | |
| $10,001–$25,000 | 112 (11.1) | 30 (17.1) | 82 (9.8) | |
| $25,001–$50,000 | 267 (26.4) | 53 (30.3) | 214 (25.6) | |
| $50,001–$75,000 | 238 (23.5) | 35 (20.0) | 203 (24.3) | |
| $75,001–$100,000 | 172 (17.0) | 31 (17.7) | 141 (16.8) | |
| $100,001–$150,000 | 122 (12.1) | 11 (6.3) | 111 (13.3) | |
| $150,001–$200,000 | 34 (3.4) | 4 (2.3) | 30 (3.6) | |
| ≥$200,001 | 17 (1.7) | 1 (0.6) | 16 (1.9) | |
| *COVID-19 related concerns–no. reporting YES (%) | ||||
| *Have you noticed that you are showing symptoms of COVID-19 (fever, dry cough, fatigue/soreness)? | 113 (11.2) | 29 (16.5) | 84 (10.0) | 0.014† |
| *Have you been tested for COVID-19? | 31 (3.1) | 8 (4.5) | 23 (2.7) | n.s. |
| *Have you been formally diagnosed with COVID-19? | 4 (0.4) | 2 (1.1) | 2 (0.2) | n.s. |
| *Are you considered to be in a “high-risk” group for COVID-19? | 309 (30.5) | 57 (32.4) | 252 (30.1) | n.s. |
| *Has anyone in your household (i.e., where you live) been diagnosed with COVID-19? | 16 (1.6) | 7 (4.0) | 9 (1.1) | 0.005† |
| *Have any of your friends, co-workers, or first-degree relatives been diagnosed with COVID-19? | 203 (20.0) | 47 (26.7) | 156 (18.6) | 0.015† |
| *Do you know anyone personally who has been diagnosed with COVID-19? | 344 (34.0) | 75 (42.6) | 269 (32.1) | 0.008† |
| *Do you know anyone personally who has died from complications associated with COVID-19? | 74 (7.3) | 17 (9.7) | 57 (6.8) | n.s. |
| *Are you currently “sheltering in place” (i.e., not leaving home except for necessities)? | 948 (93.6) | 171 (97.2) | 777 (92.8) | 0.033 |
| *Have you become worried about your ability to financially support yourself and loved ones? | 555 (54.8) | 157 (89.2) | 398 (47.6) | <0.001† |
| *Do you have someone you care about or who is emotionally close to you that you can talk to daily? | 921 (90.9) | 162 (92.0) | 759 (90.7) | n.s. |
| *Do you feel socially isolated? | 579 (57.2) | 122 (69.3) | 457 (54.6) | <0.001† |
| *Do you feel like you have enough social/emotional support to get through this time? | 844 (83.3) | 128 (72.7) | 716 (85.5) | <0.001† |
| *Are you engaging in consistent “social distancing” around people (e.g., keeping 6 feet from others)? | 977 (96.4) | 174 (98.9) | 803 (95.9) | n.s. |
| *Are you avoiding all contact with others outside of the home? | 865 (85.4) | 155 (88.1) | 710 (84.8) | n.s. |
| *Do you touch others less? | 957 (94.5) | 167 (94.9) | 790 (94.4) | n.s. |
| *Do you trust other people less? | 519 (51.2) | 102 (58.0) | 417 (49.8) | 0.05 |
| *How often do you pray? | n.s. | |||
| At least once a day | 270 (27.4) | 49 (29.0) | 221 (27.0) | |
| 1–6 days a week | 113 (11.4) | 19 (11.2) | 94 (11.5) | |
| At least monthly | 119 (12.1) | 24 (14.2) | 95 (11.6) | |
| Seldom or Never | 485 (49.1) | 77 (45.6) | 408 (49.9) | |
| *Weekly exercise—min | 36.2 ± 43.2 | 36.1 ± 46.3 | 36.2 ± 42.5 | n.s. |
| *Over the past two weeks, how many days did you get outside during sunlight hours for more than 10 minutes? | 4.7 ± 2.1 | 4.8 ± 2.0 | 4.7 ± 2.1 | n.s. |
| *On average, how many minutes did you spend outside in the sunlight each day? | 66.0 ± 68.0 | 68.0 ± 64.3 | 65.5 ± 68.8 | n.s. |
| *How often do you have one drink containing alcohol?—% ≥2 times per wk | 25.6% | 21.0% | 26.5% | n.s. |
| *How many drinks containing alcohol do you have on a typical day when you are drinking?—% ≥3 per session | 30.2% | 35.7% | 29.1% | n.s |
†
Significant at false discovery rate (FDR) correction, p <0.05; n.s., non-significant; yr, year; no., number.
*
Items included as potential predictors of mental health in the binomial logistic regression (as well as job loss category and insomnia severity, which are not listed).